Disorders of Feeding and Metabolism Flashcards
What are the disorder of Feeding and Metabolism?
- Obesity (not a mental disorder)
- Anorexia
- Bulimia
- Binge Eating Disorder
What is Obesity?
The excessive accumulation of adipose tissue that negatively impacts our health
What have humans evolved to do?
Optimize our feeding behaviours by storing energy during periods of abundance to overcome periods of shortages
Is obesity considered to be an epidemic?
Yes - obesity in the population is growing according to BMI
What can obesity in childhood predict?
Obesity in adulthood
What is Obesity treated as?
Cause of health problems, not a symptom of health problems
What is the cause of obesity?
Genetic and Metabolic, as well as psychological and social
What is your BMI a poor predictor of?
Cardiovascular/Musculoskeleto health compared to other physiological measures
What are common behavioural factors that can lead to obesity?
- Stress
- Family/Cultural Differences
- Food Preferences
What is an Obsenogenic Environment?
An environment that encourages and promotes unhealthy eating
What factors contribute to an obesogenic environment?
- Colourful Advertising
- Large portion sizes
- Abundant Variety of Food
- Distractions that impede the monitoring of satiety
- Globalization of Fast Foods
What are the Metabolic/Energy use Factors of Obesity?
- BMR
- NEAT
- Exercise
- Diet Induced Thermogenesis
- Gut Microbiome
- Genetic and Epigenetic
What do Lipolysis do?
It is the breakdown of fat where the free amino acids enter into circulation
What can lipolysis lead to?
Lipotoxicity
What can lipotoxicity cause?
Inflammation which can cause metabolic dysfunction in the liver, heart, pancreas and muscles
What else can lipolysis do?
Impair insulin signalling at the hypothalamus
What does SNA do?
Produces catecholamines which promote adipose tissue lipolysis which can cause insulin resistance
What is Visceral fat?
Fat that less suseptible to catecholamine signalling therefore doesn’t break down ever (white adipose tissue)
What are the three Genetic Disorders resulting in Obesity?
1.) Prader Williams Syndrome
2.) Leptin Deficiency
3.) Insulin Receptor Deficiency
How many people does Prader Willis affect?
1 in 12,000 to 1 in 15,000 people
What are the symptoms of Prader Willis?
- Instatiable Hunger
- No satiety
- Low Metabolism
Wha are other characteristics?
- Small hands and feet
- Tantrums
- OCD behaviour
- Muscle Weakness
What can you prescribe a patient with Prader Willi syndrome?
Growth Hormone
