Hormones and Behaviours

Question 1

What are Hormones?

Answer 1

Chemicals that are released by one part of the body that affect another part of the body

Question 2

How are chemicals released into the bloodstream?

Answer 2

By Endocrine Glands

Question 3

What is Exocrine Function?

Answer 3

Releasing chemicals into ducts

Question 4

What is Endocrine Function?

Answer 4

Releasing Hormones into the bloodstream (no ducts)

Question 5

What are the three types of hormones?

Answer 5

1.) Catecholamines - synthesized from amino acids

2.) Peptide Hormones - short (peptide) and long (protein) chains of amino acids

3.) Steroid Hormones - synthesized from cholesterol

Question 6

What are examples of Catecholamines?

Answer 6

1.) Thyroxine

2.) Epinephrine

Question 7

What does your thyroid gland produce?

Answer 7

Thyroxine - which is derived from 2 molecules of tyrosine with 3 or 4 iodine atoms

Question 8

What does your adrenal medulla produce?

Answer 8

Epinephrine which is derived from phenylalanine

Question 9

What are the receptors for thyroxine?

Answer 9

Intracellular

Question 10

What are the receptors for epinephrine?

Answer 10

Membrane Bound

Question 11

What are the Peptide Hormones in your pancreas?

Answer 11

Glucagon, Insulin, Somatostatin

Question 12

What are the Peptide Hormones in your GI tract?

Answer 12

CCK, ghrelin and gastrin

Question 13

What are the Peptide Hormones in your adipose tissue?

Answer 13

Leptin

Question 14

What are the peptide Hormones in your Anterior Pituitary?

Answer 14

Prolactin, FSH, LH, ACTH, TH

Question 15

What are the peptide Hormones released from Posterior Pituitary Gland?

Answer 15

Oxytocin and Vasopressin

Question 16

In the Posterior Pituitary Glad, where are the Hormones produced?

Answer 16

In the hypothalamus

Question 17

What is the Anterior Pituitary Gland under control of?

Answer 17

Under control of hypothermic factors - releases tropic hormones which affect the release of hormones from other glands

Question 18

Where are the hormones produced in the posterior pituitary gland?

Answer 18

Paraventricular Nuclei and the Supraoptic Nucleus of the Hypothalamus

Question 19

What is Oxytocin responsible for?

Answer 19

Induces labor, Social Bonding, Milk Secretion, Trust

Question 20

What is Vasopressin responsible for?

Answer 20

Social Recognition, Memory an Learning, Aggression and water retention in the kidneys

Question 21

What does the Hypothalamus release?

Answer 21

Thyrotropin releasing Hormone (TRH)

Question 22

What does TRH stimulate?

Answer 22

Your anterior pituitary gland to secrete TSH - Thyroid Stimulating Hormone

Question 23

What does TSH stimulate?

Answer 23

TSH stimulate the release of thyroid hormones from the thyroid gland

Question 24

What does Gonadotropin Releasing Hormone produce?

Answer 24

Gondadotropins

Question 25

What does Corticotropin Releasing Hormone produce?

Answer 25

Adrenocorticotropic Hormone

Question 26

What are the Steroid Hormones?

Answer 26

Gonads and Adrenal Cortex Hormones

Question 27

What are the Gonads?

Answer 27

Estrogen, Progesterone, Testosterone

Question 28

What are the hormones released by the adrenal cortex?

Answer 28

Cortisol and Corticosterone

Question 29

What is the mechanism of action of Steroid Hormones?

Answer 29

Go through intracellular receptors and act as transcription factors

Question 30

What are the effects of steroid hormones?

Answer 30

Delayed but long effects

Question 31

What are the effects of membrane receptors?

Answer 31

Rapid and Short Lasting Effects and signal a cell cascading signal

Question 32

Where are your Sex Steroids produced?

Answer 32

In the gonads (testes, ovaries) and less produced in the brain and adrenal glands

Question 33

What is estrogen?

Answer 33

Estrogen is the most common estrodial (female sex hormone)

Question 34

What is Androgen?

Answer 34

The most common testosterone (male sex hormone)

Question 35

What is Progestins

Answer 35

The most common progesterone

Question 36

What is Neural Regulation of Hormone Levels?

Answer 36

All endocrine glands (except anterior pituitary gland) receive neuronal signals from cerebral or autonomic neurons

Question 37

What is Hormonal Regulation of Hormone Levels?

Answer 37

Tropic Hormones (hormones that work on other endocrine glands) and Negative Feedback

Question 38

What Non-Hormonal chemicals regulate hormone levels?

Answer 38

Glucose, Ca2+ ad Na+

Question 39

How does Hormone release control Hormonal levels?

Answer 39

Pulsatile, with minute to minute fluctuation

Question 40

What do male hormones remain?

Answer 40

Fairly steady (relatively constant)

Question 41

What does the hypothalamus determine?

Answer 41

Whether hormone levels cycle

Question 42

What do female hormones follow?

Answer 42

A 28 day cycle (menstrual cycle)

Question 43

What phase of the female cycle is progesterone the highest?

Answer 43

Luteal Phase

Question 44

What phase is estrogen the highest?

Answer 44

Leading up to ovulation

Question 45

What phase contains the highest amount of hormones in the female cycle?

Answer 45

Leading to ovulation

Question 46

What do many species have?

Answer 46

Have a high hormone, high reproductive season and a low hormone, low reproductive season

Question 47

What does the light-dark cycle regulate?

Answer 47

Reproduction in animals via hypothalamic mechanisms (SCN) --> help to know when breeding season is

Question 48

What do many female species have?

Answer 48

An estrous cycle (hormone release)

Question 49

What happens in many other female species?

Answer 49

Induced ovulators (ovulate when a male is present, or after mating)

Question 50

What is the Developmental Effects that Hormones drive?

Answer 50

The development of males and females from conception to adulthood

Question 51

What is the Activation Effect that hormones activate?

Answer 51

They directly activate physiological and behavioural functions

Question 52

What are Humans?

Answer 52

Dimorphic (exist in two forms)

Question 53

What does the genetic info on the sex chromosome determine?

Answer 53

Female or Male development in most (not all) species