Regressive Lesions Flashcards
Atrophy definition
Shrinkage int the size of the cell by the loss of cell substance
Classification of atrophy
Cells -> simple atrophy
Stroma -> normal stroma (simple atrophy)
Increased stroma
Reference to an entire organ
Concentric -> diminution of an organ
Excentric -> diminished mass of an organ while its size is normal or even increased (ex: pulmonary emphysema, hydronephrosis, osteoporosis, lipmatous atrophy of the pancreas)
Overinflation def
Dilatation of air spaces which is not accompanied by destruction of their walls
Most important factor contributing to development of pulmonary emphysema
Smoking
Inherited susceptibility
Frequent respiratory tract infection especially in childhood
Osteoporosis seen on microscope
Irregular and thin trabeculae plenty of adipose bone marrow
Osteoclastic activity is present
The mineral content is normal
Pancreatic lipomatous atrophy
Majority of exocrine pancreas is replaced by fatty tissue
Predominantly occurs in elderly obese people and Is NOT necessarily associated with diabetes mellitus
In hepatic amyloidosis, amyloid is laid down in
Disse Spaces : space bet endothelium and hepatocytes
And Sinusoidal walls
The most common organ involved in amyloidosis
Kidneys
Proteinuria -> nephrotic syndrome -> chronic renal failure -> uraemia
Unfortunately, amyloidosis affects also a transplanted kidney
Reye syndrome
Fatty change in liver, encephalopathy
Affects children youger than 4 y
Associated with aspirin administration during viral illnesses
Pathogenesis : loss of mitochondrial function
Most severe forms are fatal
Hemochromatosis
Severe iron storage disorder arising from abnormal increase in intestinal iron absorption
Most common hereditary hemochromatosis
An autosomal recessive disease caused by mutation in HFE gene
Hemochromatosis, Iron is collected in form of
And clinical outcome
Hemosiderin in parenchymal cells of various organs (predominantly liver, pancreas, endocrine glands, heart
-> leads to cell damage
Clinically : the disease is characterized by
Hepatic cirrhosis
Diabetes mellitus due to damage of beta cells
Gray to bronze pigmentation due to overproduction of ACTH and MSH secondary to adrenal gland insufficiency
Heart failure
Coagulative necrosis def
And examples
Cells are dead but the tissue architecture is preserved for several days
Characteristic of infarcts(ischemic necrosis) in solid organs
Liquefactive necrosis
Dissolution of the necrotic cells
Seen in
Bacterial infection
Brain strokes
Spotty necrosis def
Term used to describe necrosis of clusters of hepatocytes usually in assoc with lymphocytes
Necrosis of larger group of hepatocytes -> focal necrosis
