Endocrine

Question 1

Goiter is subdivided into:

Answer 1

Diffuse (simple)

Multinodular

Question 2

Diffuse goiter shows 2 stages

Answer 2

1-Hyperplastic stage = parenchymal goiter

2-Colloid involution stage (colloid goiter)

With time all long standing simple goiter -> multinodular goiters

Question 3

In colloid goiter how does the thyroid look like

Answer 3

Brown, glassy, translucent

Question 4

Risk factors thyroid gland adenoma (follicular adenoma)

Answer 4

Radiation exposure (during childhood) 
Iodine deficiency

Question 5

Thyroid gland adenoma are deriving from

Answer 5

Follicular epithelium A cells

Question 6

Cold nodules

Answer 6

Thyroid gland adenoma

Question 7

What distinguish between follicular adenoma and follicular carcinoma

Answer 7

Capsular invasion and/or Vascular invasion

Question 8

Thyroid gland carcinoma present in childhood

Answer 8

Papillary carcinoma

Question 9

Medullary carcinoma

Answer 9

Derived from the parafollicular or C cells

Question 10

Most common thyroid gland carcinoma

Answer 10

Papillary carcinoma

Question 11

Least common thyroid carcinoma

Answer 11

Anaplastic carcinoma

Question 12

Papillary thyroid carcinoma

Answer 12

F> M

Horseness, dysphagia, cough, dyspnea

Excellent prognosis with a 10t survival rate in excess of 95%

Question 13

Psammoma bodies in thyroid carcinoma

Answer 13

Present in papillary thyroid carcinoma

Question 14

Clear or empty appearance / ground glass/ Orphan Annie eye nuclei

Intranuclear/ pseudoinclusions / intranuclear grooves

Answer 14

Papillary thyroid carcinoma

Question 15

Most common cause of hypothyroidism in areas where iodine levels are sufficient

Answer 15

Hashimoto thyroiditis

Question 16

Overriding feature of hashimoto disease

Answer 16

Progressive depletion of thyroid epithelial cells (thyrocytes) which are gradually replaced by mononuclear cell infiltration and fibrosis

Question 17

Hurthle cells, oxyphilic cells, oncocytes, askenay cell are seen in

Answer 17

Hashimoto disease

Question 18

Example of metaplastic response

Answer 18

Hurthle cells in hashimoto disease

Question 19

Most common cause of hyperpituitarism

Answer 19

Anterior lobe pituitary adenoma

Question 20

Ectopic thyroid tissue is commonly found in

Answer 20

Base of tongue (lingual thyroid)

Question 21

Apathetic hyperthyroidism

Answer 21

Thyrotoxicosis occurring in elederly -> no symptoms except loss weight

Question 22

Cretinism

Answer 22

Hypothyroidism developing in infancy

Question 23

Myxedema

Answer 23

Or gull disease

Cretinoid state in adult : generalized apathy, may mimic depression

Question 24

Diagnosis of hypothyroidism

Answer 24

Serum T4 is decreased

Question 25

Quervain thyroiditis

Answer 25

Subacute granulomatous thyroiditis
30-50 y more in women
Pain fever malaise
Self limited 6-8week

Question 26

Silent or painless thyroiditis

Answer 26

Subacute lymphocytic thyroiditis

Can occur after pregnancy (postpartum thyroiditis)

Question 27

Riedel thyroiditis

Answer 27

Rare , etiology unknown

Extensive fibrosis involving thyroid and neck structure

Question 28

Grave disease

Answer 28

20-40 y women more then men

Associated with HLA DR3

Question 29

Assymptomatic hypercalcemia cause

Answer 29

Primary hyperparathyroidism

Question 30

Clinical manifestation of hyperparthyroidism

Answer 30

Painful bones, renal stones, abdominals groans, psychic moans