RED TERROR 1918-21 3 Flashcards
1917 Terror intensified and was
transformed into an official state policy
state terror used by the governments:
-use of violence/intimidation to insil fear/control on pop to achive political and ideological goals
-deliberate targeting of civilians/political opponents/minority groups
-through arbitrary arrests,torture,killings(human right abuses
beginning of terror under bolsheviks end 1917 early 1918
-seizing power
-shutting down opp press
-arresting leaders of opp
-disolving constituent assembley jan 1918
-introducing forced grain req may 1918
-executing romanov July 1918
treatment of kulaks
kulak uprising occurred in aug in pens, lenin hated kualks and beloved they must be crushed w/o pity
terror influenced by ideology:
lenin believed in revolutionary terror- it was necessary to:
build a socialist society
remove old elites, political and class enemies
to protect against counter rev
lenin was influenced by serge wechev
a populaist revolutionary who advocated the use of terrorism
terror was escalated to deal with political opp that faced the Bolsheviks in 1918:
opposition from left sr
various assassinations and attempted coups responded with inc terror from b. many sr shot
terror was escalated to deal with political opp that faced the Bolsheviks in 1918:
start of civil war
terror was used as a way to root out all whites/counter rev
terror was escalated to deal with political opp that faced the Bolsheviks in 1918: attempted assassinations of lenin aug 1918
by a disgruntled sr, responded with ordering the execution of 512 in Petrograd and initiated red terror
RED TERROR- Cheka sep 1918-21
est hq in moscow, it would control various units of red guard and military. most provinces had their own Cheka branch
aims of terror
demonstrate b defender of proletariat and innate class warfare (against umc)
undermine policial enemies(SR)
undermine whites in cw
help enforce war communism
mass arrests and executions
within 2 months= 10-15k executions by Cheka.. end of 1921 100-300k executed and number of death sentences comapred to tsarist regime doubled
prison camps est> the gulag
aug 1918 lenin orders:kulaks/preisst/unreliables to be locked up in concentration camps
sep 1918- red terror called for the arrest of landowners, industrialists, merchants, anti soviet officers all to be detained in concerntration camps
DEC 1919 21, DEC 1921 107
growth of police state
by 1921 soviet russia is a police state and Cheka has 100k memebers> controlled railways own town military force of 250k, monitored industry and rural affairs
