COLLECTIVISM CONTINUED 1

Question 1

how collectivism works:

Answer 1

land farmed as one unit-all land brought tog
individual ownership replaced by collective(kolkhozy)
collectives had to fulfil quotas of produce for state to sell-private trade banned
peasants paid in work days>incentive
machine and tractor stations + monitors
peasants allowed private plots but only to feed family

Question 2

impact of collectivisation
massive impact in first few months

Answer 2

enterprising peasants(kulaks) in process of being eliminated> getting rid of knowledge on ag
25-30% animals slaughter in part of defiance(8m hordes 67% sheep 1929-33)= effect clothing/live stock level
1930 50% all households collectivised

Question 3

due to distraction, peasants resistance common 1930

Answer 3

including riots/armed resistance(13700 disturbances)
burned crops/tools/houses/slaughterd animals
womneplayed sig role in resistance,outspoken
soviet sponsor troops brought control to situation

Question 4

responding to resistance> stalin halted collectivisation 1930

Answer 4

fearing further resistance from peasants>retreat
voluntary collectivisation+peasants leave collectivisation while they could

Question 5

however second drive collectivisation 1931-forced

Answer 5

end 1931-50% peasants collectivised. 1936-90% 240k farms

Question 6

second drive collectivisation: survalliance : 1931 machine and tractor station (MTS)

Answer 6

mts hired out machinery, peasants and to hand out 20% produce for this, so less age workers needed> moved to factories

Question 7

second drive collectivisation: survalliance : secret police department OGPU

Answer 7

rooted out anti soviet trouble making, ensured collectives delivered quota of grain

Question 8

process of dekulakisation after 1929 central to collectivisation policy (capitalist ideology)

Answer 8

end 10m deaths or sent to labor , some most productive farmers lost

Question 9

holodomor Ukrainian famine 1932-3

Answer 9

4 deaths, starvation >food requisition inc, stalin set up impossible quotas

Question 10

the laws of 5 ears of grain /corn 1932

Answer 10

law against theft of cooperative and collective farm property and cargo in transport> including crops?machinary?livestock=punishment 10y or execution

Question 11

concequnces: strengths

Answer 11

did allow state to procure and export more grain 1913 120k tonnes, 1936 96m tonnes
1928-41 urvan workfroce trebbeld 12-36m
kualks came to be used as free labour in gulag

Question 12

concequnces: weakness

Answer 12

collectivisation failed to massively inc grain harvest on regula basis.
due to 1929 depression, soviet gov couldn’t as for higher price>left lower class in dire cause
mass human loss > julaks wiped out
took mroe lives than ww1 did by all countrys on the front