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Science for Medicine > Receptors > Flashcards

Receptors Flashcards

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1
Q

What is a proprioreceptor?

A

Mechanoreceptors that signal body or limb position

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2
Q

What do muscle spindles monitor?

A

Muscle length and the rate of change of muscle length

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3
Q

What do golgi tendon organs monitor?

A

Tension on tendons

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4
Q

What do joint receptors do?

A

Monitor joint angle, rate of angular movement

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5
Q

What do the 3 proprioreceptors do?

A

Sed sensory info to the brain to control
Muscle spindles and golgi provide sensory info for spinal cord reflexes
Provide sensory info to percieve limb position and movement in space

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6
Q

Where do muscle spindles lie parallel with?

A

Muscle fibres

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7
Q

What do golgi tendon organs do?

A

Monitor muscle tension

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8
Q

Are tendon elastic?

A

No fairly inelastic

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9
Q

What are the nerve endings in cutaneous sensory receptors protected by?

A

A capsule

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10
Q

What fibres is skeletal muscle made up of?

A

Intrafusal

Extrafusal

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11
Q

What are extrafusal muscle fibres?

A

Regular muscle fibres

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12
Q

What forms muscle spindles?

A

Intrafusal fibres with their specialised motor and sensory innervation

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13
Q

What are the end of golgi tendon organs intermingled with?

A

Tendons

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14
Q

Since tendons are inelastic what must the muscle develop?

A

Tension to stretch them

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15
Q

What are sensory receptors?

A

Nerve endings with specialised non-neural structures

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16
Q

What do the sensory receptors convert what to?

A

Different forms of energy to AP

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17
Q

What is an aqequate stimulus?

A

Type of energy a receptor will respond to

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18
Q

What do nocieceptors respond to?

A

Pain

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19
Q

What do thermreceptors respond to?

A

Warm and cold

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20
Q

What do chemoreceptors detect?

A

Chemical changes

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21
Q

What do photoreceptors detect?

A

Particular wavelengths of light

22
Q

What are mechanoreceptors stimulated by?

A

Mechanical stimuli

23
Q

What do proprioreceptors signal info about?

A

Body or limb position

24
Q

What do all sensory receptors involve the opening and closing of?

A

Ion channels

25
Q

What does an adequate stimuli cause?

A

Receptor potential or generator potential

26
Q

The stronger the stimulus the more what?

A

AP fired

27
Q

The larger the stimulus the larger the receptor potential the higher the what?

A

The higher the frequency of AP in a sensory nerve

28
Q

What is adptation?

A

When the receptor adapts to a maintained stimulus (i.e putting on clothes) and only changes signal at the onset of the stimulation

29
Q

What receptor do not show adaptability?

A

Nocireceptors

30
Q

Why do nocireceptor never adapt?

A

Because it is important to always feel painful stimuli

31
Q

What is the best understood mechnoreceptor?

A

The pacinian corpuscle

32
Q

What does the pacinian corpuscle show?

A

Rapid adaptation

33
Q

What can neurons with neighbouring neurons exhibit?

A

Neuronal convergence

34
Q

What does convergence allow?

A

Simultaneous sub-threshold to form a large secondary receptive field and initiate an AP

35
Q

What does convergence indicated?

A

A relatively insensitive area

36
Q

If there is low acuity what is there alot of going on?

A

Convergence

37
Q

If there is high acuity is there alot of convergence?

A

No

38
Q

What is acuity?

A

The ability to located stimulus on the skin and differentiate it from another closeby

39
Q

Where does all our sensory info go?

A

To our brain

40
Q

What does lateral inhibition do?

A

Inhibits the surrounding neurons to produce high acuity

41
Q

What are the 2 types of intrafusal fibre?

A

Nuclear bag fibres

Nuclear chain fibres

42
Q

What are the sarcomeres at the end of muscle spindles controlled by?

A

Gamma motoneurones

43
Q

What innervate intrafusal fibres?

A

y motoneurones

44
Q

What innervate extrafusal muscle fibres?

A

Alpha motoneurones

45
Q

What stimulates the spindle stretch receptors?

A

Muscle stretch

46
Q

When the agonist muscle contracts what happens to the muscle spindles?

A

They contract also

47
Q

When the agonist muscle and spindle contracts what happens to the antagonist muscle?

A

It lengthens and those muscle spindles increase their outflow of AP

48
Q

What is the role of the gamma MN?

A

To maintain muscle spindle sensitivity

49
Q

What does the muscle spindle cause?

A

Contraction of the muscle

50
Q

What does the Golgi tendon organ cause?

A

The relaxation of the muscle

51
Q

When both the a and y motor neurones fire What happens?

A

Both the muscle and muscle spindle shorten

Science for Medicine (13 decks)

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