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Science for Medicine > Proteins > Flashcards

Proteins Flashcards

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1
Q

What is a glycoprotein?

A

A compound composed of protein and carbohydrate

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2
Q

What is the name if the post translational modification where a sugar molecule binds to an amino acid on a protein?

A

Glycosylation

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3
Q

Where does glycosylation occur?

A

In the ER and golgi apparatus

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4
Q

What is the glycated form of haemoglobin a marker for?

A

Diabetes

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5
Q

How is glycated haemoglobin a marker for diabetes?

A

Because if the insulin is not working the glucose remains attached to the haemoglobin

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6
Q

What is a lipoprotein?

A

Protein and lipids that are either covalently of non-covalently bonded together

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7
Q

What is the function of a lipoprotein?

A

To transport insoluble fats and cholesterol in the blood

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8
Q

Give 2 examples of lipoproteins

A

HDL LDL

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9
Q

What is a metalloprotein?

A

A protein molecule with a bound metal ion

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10
Q

What fraction of proteins require a metal ion to carry out their specific role?

A

1/3

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11
Q

Give and example of a metalloprotein?

A

Haemoglobin requires Fe

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12
Q

How many subunits does haemoglobin compose of?

A

4

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13
Q

What kind of mutation is sickle cell anaemia?

A

Substitution

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14
Q

What affects the sickle cell being able to transport oxygen?

A

Its shape

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15
Q

Do sickle cells give up O2 easily?

A

Yes - give it up to the tissues more readily

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16
Q

What shape do sickle cells have?

A

Moon crest cell

17
Q

What kind of protein is collagen?

A

Fibrous protein

18
Q

How many polypeptides are coiled around each other to form collagen?

A

3

19
Q

What does the lack of Vitamin C cause?

A

Scurvy

20
Q

What are LDL receptors composed of?

A

Glycoproteins

21
Q

What do LDL receptors do to LDL?

A

Internalise it

22
Q

How do LDL receptors internalise LDL?

A

Engulf the receptor and LDL

23
Q

Once the LDL had been engulfed what happens to it?

A

It is broken down in lysosomes

24
Q

What can go wrong with LDL receptors?

A 
No receptors
Receptors never make it to cell surface
Receptors can't bind LDL
Receptors can't internalise on binding of LDL
Receptors don't release the LDL
25
Q

What is FH caused by?

A

Mutation in LDL receptor

Meaning there are elevated LDL levels

26
Q

What do FH cause?

A

Cholesterol to be deposited in the skin, tendon, arteries

Early cardiovascular disease

27
Q

What can be used to separate out proteins?

A

Electrophoresis

Science for Medicine (13 decks)

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