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Science for Medicine > Homeostasis > Flashcards

Homeostasis Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What are tissues?

A

Groups of cells that share the same characteristics or specializations

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2
Q

What are organs?

A

Collection of tissues, usually of several different type, that synchronise to perform a particular function

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3
Q

What do all cells require in order to survive?

A

Energy

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4
Q

Preventing disturbance to the system is maintaining what?

A

Homeostasis

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5
Q

What is physiology?

A

The study of the body working in harmony

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6
Q

What is pathology?

A

The study of the body not working in harmony - i.e when something goes wrong

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7
Q

What systems co-ordinate and control all other systems in the body?

A

Nervous and endocrine

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8
Q

Maintaining optimum internal environment within the body for all cells to function is known as what?

A

Homeostasis

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9
Q

Failure to regulate changes to our bodies internal environment results in what?

A

Disturbance to the system pathology

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10
Q

The body usually has a range within which it can tolerate change… true or false?

A

True

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11
Q

What are some common everyday changes to our internal environment?

A

External temperature, diet, exercise

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12
Q

At extremes of variables what happens to homeostasis?

A

It is disturbed/ it becomes less effective

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13
Q

Through what control system is the basis of homeostasis usually controlled by?

A

Negative feedback

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14
Q

The magnitude of the generated response in negative feedback is in proportion to what?

A

The magnitude of the generated signal and the magnitude of the difference from the normal

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15
Q

What is the aim of negative feedback?

A

To restore the internal environment to optimal conditions

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16
Q

What picks up the stimulus to change?

A

Receptor

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17
Q

What are homeotherms?

A

Us

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18
Q

What is a characteristic of negative feedback?

A

it restores the regulated varibale AFTER ir initial displacement but cannot PREVENT it from happening

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19
Q

Are feed forward systems, more of less sophisticated than negative feedback?

A

More sophisticated

20
Q

Why are feed forward systems more sophisticated?

A

because to some extent they can predict and even prevent change

21
Q

In feed forward what permits the system to anticipate change?

A

Additional receptors

22
Q

What is positive feedback the opposite to?

A

Negative feedback

23
Q

What do positive feedback cycles lead to?

A

Instability in the system/ opposite to negative feedback which aims to restore the system

24
Q

Give an example of a positive feedback system in physiology?

A

Action potential - Na+ influx leads to a higher permeability to Na+

25
Q

Usually is positive feedback associated with physiology or pathology?

A

Pathology

26
Q

How much of our body does water make up?

A

60%

27
Q

Why is homeostatic maintenance of water overall crucial?

A

Because it determines the concentration of everything else in the body!

28
Q

How is input regulated in maintaining water balance?

A

Thirst mechanism

29
Q

How is output regulated in maintaining water balance?

A

Urinary losses

30
Q

Anything that enters the cell needs to pass through what?

A

Plasma membrane

31
Q

What is too large to fit through the capillary membrane?

A

Plasma proteins

32
Q

How are drugs distributed as a fraction throughout our bodies?

A

1/3 ECF and 2/3 ICF

33
Q

What has less water content muscle or fat?

A

Fat

34
Q

Why are females ‘less wet’?

A

Because they have a higher proportion of body fat

35
Q

Why are older people less wet?

A

Because both sexes show a decline in body water with age as muscle matt decreases and muscle contains alot of water

36
Q

What is plasma?

A

The fluid component of blood

37
Q

What are the three things that can be measured directly using the dilution principle?

A

Plasma Volume
Extracellular Volume
Total Body Water

38
Q

How would you measure ISF if you had ECF and PV?

A

ISF = ECF - PV

39
Q

How would you measure ICF if you had TBW and ECF

A

ICF = TBW - ECF

40
Q

Why is it so important to maintain ECF constant?

A

To maintain homeostasis

41
Q

Hyper means

A

Greater than normal

42
Q

Hypo means

A

Less than normal

43
Q

Aemia /emia means

A

in the blood

44
Q

Uria means

A

in the urine

45
Q

Gly means

A

Related to glucose

Science for Medicine (13 decks)

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