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Science for Medicine > Nitrogen > Flashcards

Nitrogen Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Where is nitrogen mainly found in the body?

A

Amino acids
Ammonia
Urea

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2
Q

What 3 stages can protein digestion be split into?

A

Gastric
Pancreatic
Intestinal

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3
Q

Why is ammonia very unreactive?

A

Due to triple bond

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4
Q

What does the presence of aminotransferases in plasma indicate?

A

Cell damage

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5
Q

What are the 3 circumstances when amino acids undergo catabolism?

A

Leftovers
Dietary
When proteins are broken down

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6
Q

What amino acid is central to transamination?

A

glutamate

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7
Q

What do humans excrete?

A

Urea and uic acid

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8
Q

How is ammonia transported safely in the blood stream?

A

As glutamate

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9
Q

Where is excess glutamate processed?

A

Intestines
Kidneys
Liver

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10
Q

When muscles work anaerobically what builds up?

A

Lactic acid

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11
Q

What can the pyruvate be converted to instead of lactic acid building up?

A

Alanine

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12
Q

Why is the alanine taken to the liver?

A

So the pyruvate can be converted back to glucose?

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13
Q

What process converts the pyruvate back to glucose in the liver?

A

Gluconeogenesis

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14
Q

Explain the glucose alanine cycle?

A

There is too much pyruvate
Converted to alanine and transported to lover
Converted back to glucose via gluconeogenesis

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15
Q

What charge does glutamate have?

A

Negative

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16
Q

What is the glutamate dehydrogenase reaction?

A

When their is oxidation of the glutamate

Causing deamination of glutamate

17
Q

Where does the glutamate dehydrogenase reaction occur?

A

Mitochondrial matrix

18
Q

What is the second nitrogen acquiring reaction?

A

The entry of aspartate into the urea cycle

19
Q

What are the carbon skeletons of the amino acids used to create?

A

Acetyl CoA
Pyruvate
A-ketoglutarate
Oxaloacetate

20
Q

What is the primary role of dietary protein?

A

Building blocks for proteins

21
Q

What are glucogenic skeletons?

A

The amino acids that feed into gluconeogenesis

And so produce glucose, glycogen

22
Q

What are the ketogenic skeletons?

A

Ones that feed into acetyl coA
or acetoacetate
Cannot be converted back to glucose

23
Q

How many inherited disorders of the urea cycle are there?

A

6

24
Q

What is OTC?

A

X linked

25
Q

What is hyperammonaemia?

A

Elevated blood ammonia level

26
Q

What are signs for diagnosis PKU?

A

Increase Phe level

Decreases tyrosin levels

27
Q

What is the treatment for PKU?

A

Low protein diet

Tyr supplements

28
Q

What is often reduced or absent in inherited metabolic disorders?

A

Enzyme activity

Science for Medicine (13 decks)

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