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Science for Medicine > Autonomic Physiology > Flashcards

Autonomic Physiology Flashcards

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1
Q

What does the autonomic nervous system control?

A

The things we don’t think about
Smooth muscle
Organs

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2
Q

What do afferent neurones carry?

A

Sensory info - going in

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3
Q

What do efferent neurones carry?

A

Motor info - coming out

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4
Q

What does the somatic nervous system control?

A

Voluntary movement

Skeletal muscle

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5
Q

What is the term used for the sympathetic NS?

A

Fight or flight

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6
Q

What is the term used for the parasympathetic NS?

A

Rest and digest

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7
Q

What is a group of cell bodies known as?

A

Ganglion

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8
Q

Does the autonomic nervous system ever control skeletal muscle?

A

No, never

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9
Q

Does the somatic NS always excite its target?

A

Yes

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10
Q

Does the autonomic NS always excite its target?

A

No

May excite or inhibit

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11
Q

What regions of the body do parasympathetic nerves flow to?

A

Cranio-sacral

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12
Q

What regions of the body do the sympathetic nerves flow to?

A

Thoraco-lumbar

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13
Q

Compare the lengths of the pre and post ganglionic fibres in the parasympathetic NS

A

Long preganglionic fibres

Short postganglionic fibres

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14
Q

Compare the lengths of the pre and post ganglionic fibres in the sympathetic NS

A

Short preganglionic fibres

Long postganglionic fibres

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15
Q

From where on the spinal cord do the sympathetic nerves exit?

A

From T1-L2

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16
Q

In the sympathetic nervous system what is the white ramus?

A

The preganglionic fibre

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17
Q

In the sympathetic NS was is the grey ramus?

A

The postganglionic fibres

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18
Q

What receptors does acetylcholine work on?

A

Cholinergic receptors

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19
Q

What receptors does noradrenaline work on?

A

Adrenergic receptors

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20
Q

In the sympathetic NS what does the preganglionic fibres release?

A

Acetylcholine

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21
Q

In the sympathetic NS what does the postganglionic fibres release?

A

Noradrenaline

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22
Q

Where do the postganglionic cells of the adrenal medulla release adrenaline and noradrenaline and why?

A

Into the blood

Because they have no axons

23
Q

Where do the parasympathetic nerves exit from the spinal cord?

A

Some of the cranial nerves

Sacral S2-S4

24
Q

Where does the ganglia lie in the parasympathetic NS?

A

Close to or within the target

25
Q

In the parasympathetic NS what do the preganglionic fibres release?

A

Acetylcholine

26
Q

In the parasympathetic NS what do the postganglionic fibres release?

A

Acetylcholine

27
Q

What receptors are on the targets in the parasympathetic NS?

A

Muscarinic

28
Q

There are a group of sympathetic nerves that do not release noradrenaline at the target but what do they release instead?

A

Acetylcholine again

29
Q

What receptors do acetylcholine work on?

A

Nicotinic receptors

Muscarinic receptors

30
Q

What receptors does noradrenaline/adrenaline work on?

A

alpha receptors

Beta receptors

31
Q

What is antagonist action?

A

When the opposite effects are exerted on the same thing

32
Q

What receptors does the sympathetic system activate on pacemaker cells?

A

B1

33
Q

What effect does the sympathetic system have on the heart?

A

Increases heart rate

Increases the strength of contraction

34
Q

What effect does the sympathetic system have on the ciliary muscle?

A

Activates B2 receptors

Relaxes eye focusing far away

35
Q

What effect does the sympathetic system have on the radial muscle?

A

A1 receptors activated
Muscle relaxes
Makes pupils larger

36
Q

What effect does the para system have on the ciliary muscle?

A

Activates muscarinic receptors
Contracts ciliary muscle
Eye focuses close up

37
Q

What effect does the para system have on the the sphincter muscle?

A

Activate muscarinic receptors
Contracts sphincter muscle
Makes pupils smaller

38
Q

What effect does the sympathetic system have on the heart?

A 
Activates B1 receptors 
On pacemaker cells
Increases heart rate  
On myocytes
Increases strength of contraction
39
Q

What effect does the para system have on the heart?

A

Activates muscarinic receptors
Acts on pacemaker cells
Decreases heart rate

40
Q

What effect does the sympathetic system have on the lungs?

A

Activates B2 receptors
On airway muscle
Makes muscle relax and dilates airways

41
Q

What effect does the para system have on the lungs?

A

Activates muscarinic receptors
Makes smooth muscle contract
Constricts airways

42
Q

What effect does the sympathetic system have on the blood vessels?

A

Activates a1 receptors
On smooth muscle of vessels contracting them Blood flow decreases
Activates B2 receptors on smooth muscle of vessels
Blood flow increases

43
Q

What effect does the parasympathetic system have on blood vessels?

A

Usually no effect

44
Q

What is tone in blood vessels?

A

Can turn up or turn down the tone to contract and relax

45
Q

What effect does the sympathetic system have on the gut?

A

Activates receptors on smooth muscle of gut
Decreasing gut motility
Activates a receptors in pancreas inhibiting the secretion of enzymes

46
Q

What effect does the para system have on the gut?

A

Activates muscarinic receptors on smooth muscle of gut
Increasing gut motility
Increasing pancreatic secretion

47
Q

What effect does the sympathetic system have on salivary glands?

A

Activates B receptors

Thick secretion rich in enzymes

48
Q

What effect does the para system have on salivary glands?

A

Activates muscarinic receptors

Thin waters secretions

49
Q

What effect does the sym system have on the bladder?

A

Activates B2 receptors relaxing the muscle of the bladder wall
Stops urination

50
Q

What effect does the para system have on the bladder?

A

Activates muscarinic receptors
Contracting smooth muscle on bladder wall
Relaxing smooth muscle on spinchter causing urination

51
Q

What effect does the sym system have on the reproductive tract?

A

Activates a1 receptors on smooth muscle of urethra

Contracting smooth muscle causing ejaculation

52
Q

What effect does the para system have on the reproductive tract?

A

Activates muscarinic receptors on smooth muscle of corpus cavernosum
Relaxes the muscle causing erection

53
Q

What is an antagonist effect?

A

Two things that exert the opposite effect on the same organ

Science for Medicine (13 decks)

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