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CMBM exam 4 > Receptor Theory > Flashcards

Receptor Theory Flashcards

1
Q

What is pharmacology?

A

The study of drugs in its broadest sense, including the interactions between drugs and body constituents at any level of organization

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2
Q

What are drugs?

A

Substance that bring biological change through its chemical actions

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3
Q

What is a receptor?

A

A macromolecular component of the organism that binds the drug and initiates the drug’s effects

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4
Q

What is a cell surface receptor?

A

A receptor embedded in the membrane and functions to receive chemical information from the extracellular part and to transmit that information to the intracellular part

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5
Q

How does a drug work by antagonizing cell surface receptors?

A

Attach to a binding site on receptor for agonists to sterically prevent it from binding
Can also bind to a separate receptor in an allosteric effect to displace the agonist

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6
Q

What antagonist is a beta-adrenoceptor blocker for angina, myocardial infarction, heart failure, high blood pressure and anxiety?

A

Propranolol [Inderal]

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7
Q

What is a nuclear receptor?

A

A receptor that exists in the intracellular part and is when activated it binds to regulatory regions in the DNA to modulate gene expression

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8
Q

How does a drug work as an antagonizing nuclear receptor?

A

Binds the drug molecule so the endogenous chemical cannot bind to the receptor and cannot alter gene expression

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9
Q

What drug is a nuclear receptor antagonsist that prevents and treats breats cancer?

A

Tamoxifen [Nolvadex]

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10
Q

How do drugs work by inhibiting enzymes?

A

Bind to the enzyme to inhibit the activity so that there is no product

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11
Q

Which drug is an enzyme inhibitor that inhibits cyclooxygenase for pain relief, mostly due to arthritis?

A

Aspirin, ibuprofen [Motrin]

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12
Q

How do drugs work by blocking ion channels?

A

Bind to ion channels and physically block the membrane pore to cause an allosteric change to close the pore

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13
Q

What drug blocks ion channels of calcium channels for angina and high blood pressure?

A

Diltiazem [Cardizem]

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14
Q

How does a drug work by inhibiting transporters?

A

Bind to transporters and cause allosteric changes that prevent proper function of the transporter and it cannot shuttle solutes

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15
Q

Which drugs are inhibits transporters that are selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) that treat depression?

A

Fluoxetine [Prozac]

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16
Q

How does a drug work by inhibiting signal transduction proteins?

A

Binds to inhibit key signal proteins to keep it from sending a chemical signal from finding its target

17
Q

What drugs are signal transduction protein inhibitors that inhibit type 5 phosphodiesterase for erectile dysfunction?

A

Sildenafil [Viagra]

18
Q

How do drugs antagonise, block or inhibit endogenous proteins?

A 
Antagonists of cell surface receptors 
Antagonists of nuclear receptors 
Enzyme inhibitors
Ion channel blockers
Transport blockers
Inhibitors of signal transduction proteins
19
Q

How do drugs work by activating endogenous proteins?

A

Agonists of cell surface receptors
Agonists of Nuclear Receptors
Enzyme activators
Ion channel openers

20
Q

How does a drug work by activating cell surface receptors?

A

Some drugs are the actual chemical signal
Some drugs mimic the chemical signal
Both will increase the chemical signals that transmit from outside to inside of the cell

21
Q

What drug is a cell surface activator that is an Alpha1-Adrenoceptor Agonist for nasal congestion?

A

Phenylephrine [Neosynephrine]

22
Q

How does an agonist work?

A

Bind to a remote site on receptor and cause allosteric effect that increases the ability of the endogenous agonist to bind or activate the receptor

23
Q

How do drugs work by activating nuclear receptors

A

Increase the chemical (by using that chemical or a mimic) to increase the effect of intracellular chemicals on gene expression

24
Q

What drugs operate as activators of nuclear recpetors which work as estrogen receptor agonists for hormone replacement therapy in postmenopausal women?

A

Conjugated equine estrogen [Premarin]

25
Q

How do drugs work by activating enzyme?

A

Bind to enzymes to inc activity to inc biosynth of product that mediates the effects of enzyme activators

26
Q

What is a drug which works to activate an enzyme bu reactivating cholinesterase after posing with nerve gas or pesticide?

A

Pralidoxine [Protopam]

27
Q

How does a drug work by opening ion channels?

A

Bind to ion channels and allosterically open the channel or render the channel more readily opened by other endogenous chemicals
Changes the intracellualr concentration of ions

28
Q

Which drug opens ion channels, potassium, for hair regrowth?

A

Minoxidil [Rogaine]

29
Q

How do drugs work by unconventional mechanism of action?

A

Disrupters of structural proteins
Drugs that are enzymes
Drugs that covalenty link to macromolecules
Drugs that react chemically with small molecules
Drugs that bind free molecules or atoms
Drugs that are nutrients
Drugs that exert actions based on physical properties
Drugs that work via antisense action
Drugs that are antigens
“Who knows how the fuck this drug works but it does” drug

30
Q

Which drugs disrupt structural proteins that are vinca alkaloids for cancer?

A

Vincristine [Oncovin]

Vinblastine [Velban]

31
Q

Which drug is an enzyme and is thrombolytic therapy for acute myocardial infarction?

A

Alteplase [Activase]

32
Q

Which drug covalently links to macromolecules by DNA alkylating agents for the treatment of cancer?

A

Cyclophosphamide [Cytoxan]

33
Q

Which drugs bind free molecules/atoms by chelating agents for heavy metal poisoning (cation)?

A

Dimercaprol

34
Q

Which drug exerts action due to a physical property which is an osmotic diuretic for edema?

A

Mannitol

35
Q

Which drug does work via an antisense action for deoxyoligonucleotides for cytomegalovirus retinitis in AIDS patients?

A

Fomivirsen [Vitravene]

36
Q

Which drug just does the thing even though we don’t know how the thing works as an inhalation anesthetic for general anesthetic use?

A

Isoflurane [Forane]

CMBM exam 4 (27 decks)

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