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CMBM exam 4 > Infections in Immunocomp Host pt 1 > Flashcards

Infections in Immunocomp Host pt 1 Flashcards

1
Q

What are some factors that lead to a host being immunocompromised?

A

Defects or injury to physical barrier
Deficiencies in innate immunity
Deficiencies in adaptive immunity

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2
Q

What could a person be at risk for in a burn situation?

A 
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Staphylococcus aureus 
Staphylococcus epidermidis 
Streptococcus pyogenes 
Candida
Aspergillus
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3
Q

A gram positive cocci, catalase +, coagulase -

A

Staph epidermidis

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4
Q

A gram positive cocci, catalase +, coagulase +

A

Staph aureus

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5
Q

A gram-negative rod, greenish colored colonies on nutrient agar

A

Pseudomonas aeuginosa

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6
Q

Fungus with branches and septae

A

Aspergillus

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7
Q

What is likely to be found on the skin?

A

Staph and Strep

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8
Q

Where would pseudomonas be found in a hospital?

A

Water, clothing and bedding, improperly sanitized equpitment

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9
Q

Where would aspergillus be found in a hospital?

A

Air (spores), shower heads, potted plants

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10
Q

What are some characteristics of P. aeruginosa?

A

Ubiquitous, resistant to some disinfectants, antibiotic resistance common

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11
Q

What diseases could pseudomonas cause?

A

Pneumonia, UTI, septisemia, wound infections

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12
Q

What is ecthyma gangrenosum and how would you get it?

A

Hemorrhagic necrosis of skin due to pseudomonas septisemia

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13
Q

What are treatment options for S. aureus (MRSA)?

A

Vancomycin, Linezolid, streptogramins

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14
Q

What are treatment options for S. aureus (MSSA)?

A

Anti-staph penicillins (Oxacillin, nafcillin)
1st, 2nd generation cephalosporins
Clindamycin

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15
Q

How would you treat a pseudomonas infection?

A

Extended spectrum penicillins +/- beta-lactamase inhibitors; carbapemens, azreonam, fluoroquinolones, ceftazidime, cefepime and aminoglycosides

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16
Q

How would an apergillus infection be treated?

A

Voriconazole, Caspofungin, Amphotericin B

17
Q

What would you use to treat a listeria infection?

A

Ampicillin plus gentamicin

18
Q

What organism is a gram+ bacilli with branching (chain and bead) filaments that is partially acid fast?

A

Nocardia

19
Q

What bacterial group is Nocardia a part of?

A

Actinomycete

20
Q

Where would Nocardia be found?

A

In the dirt, transmitted by inhalation

21
Q

What is a common outcome of having Nocardia?

A

Lobar pneumonia with abscess

May mimic TB

22
Q

What is the treatment for Nocardia?

A

TMP/SMX

23
Q

What bacteria is associated with HIV?

A

Mycobacterium avium

24
Q

What does M. avium cause in immune competent individuals?

A

Pulmonary disease with lung condition in smokers

25
Q

How is M. avium treated in ADIS pts?

A

Clarithromycin or azithromycin plus athambutol

26
Q

What are some causes of AIDS neurological signs?

A

Cryptococcal meningitis

Toxoplasma gondii encephalitis

27
Q

What are the characteristics of JC virus?

A

Polymavirus
Commonly latent
Causes PML in profoundly T cell suppressed

28
Q

What are the characteristics of Cryptococal neoformans?

A

Monomorphic yeast
Thick polysac capsule upon inhalation
Evades phagocytosis and Th1 response
Enters meninges

29
Q

What should you confirm a finding of Cryptococcal neoformans?

A

Sabouraud’s agar, heart brain infusion

30
Q

What should you treat Cryptococcal neoformans with?

A

Amp-B + flucytosine

Maintain with fluconazole

31
Q

Where could histoplamsa capuslatum be found?

A

Ohio, Mississippi, Missouri

Soil with bird and bat droppings

32
Q

Who is at risk for disseminated histoplasmosis?

A

Pts with profound T cell immune suppression

33
Q

What are some of the clinical manifestations of H. capsulatum?

A

Limited flu-like illness

Chronic pulmonary histoplasmosis

34
Q

How should H, capsulatum be treated?

A

Amp-B with itraconazole maintenance

35
Q

What type of organism if pneumocystis jiroveci?

A

Fungus possibly acquired by airborn cysts

36
Q

How is Pneumocystis jiroveci treated?

A

TMP/SMX

CMBM exam 4 (27 decks)

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