Infections in Immunocomp Host pt 1 Flashcards

1
Q

What are some factors that lead to a host being immunocompromised?

A

Defects or injury to physical barrier
Deficiencies in innate immunity
Deficiencies in adaptive immunity

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2
Q

What could a person be at risk for in a burn situation?

A
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Staphylococcus aureus 
Staphylococcus epidermidis 
Streptococcus pyogenes 
Candida
Aspergillus
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3
Q

A gram positive cocci, catalase +, coagulase -

A

Staph epidermidis

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4
Q

A gram positive cocci, catalase +, coagulase +

A

Staph aureus

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5
Q

A gram-negative rod, greenish colored colonies on nutrient agar

A

Pseudomonas aeuginosa

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6
Q

Fungus with branches and septae

A

Aspergillus

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7
Q

What is likely to be found on the skin?

A

Staph and Strep

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8
Q

Where would pseudomonas be found in a hospital?

A

Water, clothing and bedding, improperly sanitized equpitment

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9
Q

Where would aspergillus be found in a hospital?

A

Air (spores), shower heads, potted plants

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10
Q

What are some characteristics of P. aeruginosa?

A

Ubiquitous, resistant to some disinfectants, antibiotic resistance common

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11
Q

What diseases could pseudomonas cause?

A

Pneumonia, UTI, septisemia, wound infections

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12
Q

What is ecthyma gangrenosum and how would you get it?

A

Hemorrhagic necrosis of skin due to pseudomonas septisemia

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13
Q

What are treatment options for S. aureus (MRSA)?

A

Vancomycin, Linezolid, streptogramins

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14
Q

What are treatment options for S. aureus (MSSA)?

A

Anti-staph penicillins (Oxacillin, nafcillin)
1st, 2nd generation cephalosporins
Clindamycin

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15
Q

How would you treat a pseudomonas infection?

A

Extended spectrum penicillins +/- beta-lactamase inhibitors; carbapemens, azreonam, fluoroquinolones, ceftazidime, cefepime and aminoglycosides

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16
Q

How would an apergillus infection be treated?

A

Voriconazole, Caspofungin, Amphotericin B

17
Q

What would you use to treat a listeria infection?

A

Ampicillin plus gentamicin

18
Q

What organism is a gram+ bacilli with branching (chain and bead) filaments that is partially acid fast?

19
Q

What bacterial group is Nocardia a part of?

A

Actinomycete

20
Q

Where would Nocardia be found?

A

In the dirt, transmitted by inhalation

21
Q

What is a common outcome of having Nocardia?

A

Lobar pneumonia with abscess

May mimic TB

22
Q

What is the treatment for Nocardia?

23
Q

What bacteria is associated with HIV?

A

Mycobacterium avium

24
Q

What does M. avium cause in immune competent individuals?

A

Pulmonary disease with lung condition in smokers

25
How is M. avium treated in ADIS pts?
Clarithromycin or azithromycin plus athambutol
26
What are some causes of AIDS neurological signs?
Cryptococcal meningitis | Toxoplasma gondii encephalitis
27
What are the characteristics of JC virus?
Polymavirus Commonly latent Causes PML in profoundly T cell suppressed
28
What are the characteristics of Cryptococal neoformans?
Monomorphic yeast Thick polysac capsule upon inhalation Evades phagocytosis and Th1 response Enters meninges
29
What should you confirm a finding of Cryptococcal neoformans?
Sabouraud's agar, heart brain infusion
30
What should you treat Cryptococcal neoformans with?
Amp-B + flucytosine | Maintain with fluconazole
31
Where could histoplamsa capuslatum be found?
Ohio, Mississippi, Missouri | Soil with bird and bat droppings
32
Who is at risk for disseminated histoplasmosis?
Pts with profound T cell immune suppression
33
What are some of the clinical manifestations of H. capsulatum?
Limited flu-like illness | Chronic pulmonary histoplasmosis
34
How should H, capsulatum be treated?
Amp-B with itraconazole maintenance
35
What type of organism if pneumocystis jiroveci?
Fungus possibly acquired by airborn cysts
36
How is Pneumocystis jiroveci treated?
TMP/SMX