Chronic Inflammation

Question 1

What is chronic inflammation?

Answer 1

Inflammation of prolonged duration in which active inflammation, tissue destruction and attempts at repair are proceeding simultaneously

Question 2

When would you see chronic infections?

Answer 2

Acid fast bacilli, fungi, treponemes
Prolonged exposure potentially toxic agents
Autoimmunity

Question 3

In a persistent infection what types of symptoms would you see?

Answer 3

Low toxicity, delayed hypersensitivity and granulomatous inflammation

Question 4

What is chronic inflammation characterized by?

Answer 4

Infiltration with monouclear cells
Tissue destruction
Repair including angiogenesis and fibrosis
Macrophages

Question 5

What are the key macrophage events?

Answer 5

Recruitment from circulation
Local proliferation
Immobilization
Differentiation

Question 6

What are the different type of location based macrophages and where would you find them?

Answer 6

Microglia - CNS
Kupffter - Liver
Alveolar macrophage - Lung
Osteoclasts - bone

Question 7

If a pt has pitting edema along with bilateral pleural effusions what would you find in a lab test?

Answer 7

Hypoalbuminemia

looks for tranudate - no inflam- and how osomtic presure changed

Question 8

What would classify a purulent inflammatory response?

Answer 8

Pus and amassed white cells in the fluid that appears cloudy
Possible pleural effusion

Question 9

What chemical mediator will be inhibited by aspirin?

Answer 9

Prostaglandin

Question 10

Edema

Answer 10

Swelling of the tissues caused by fluid build up

Question 11

Hyperemia

Answer 11

Increase of blood flow to different tissues through vasodilation

Question 12

Ulcer

Answer 12

An open sore on an external or internal surface of the body, caused by a break in the skin or mucous membrane that fails to heal

Question 13

Cytokines

Answer 13

Cell signalers

Question 14

Chemotaxis

Answer 14

Movement of an organism in response to a chemical stimulus

Question 15

Diapedesis

Answer 15

The passage of blood cells through the intact walls of the capillaries, typically accompanying inflammation

Question 16

Emigration

Answer 16

To leave on area for another

Question 17

Opsonization

Answer 17

Process by which a pathogen is marked for ingestion and destruction by a phagocyte

Question 18

Transudation

Answer 18

The slow escape of liquids from blood vessels through pores or breaks in the cell membranes
Not inflammed

Question 19

Exudation

Answer 19

A fluid emitted by an organism through pores or a wound

Inflammed

Question 20

Chemokines

Answer 20

Small cytokines that induce chemotaxis

Question 21

Granuloma

Answer 21

Forms of localized nodular inflammation found in tissues

Question 22

Granulomatous

Answer 22

When a white blood cell attempts to fight an infection but it doesn’t work and so bacteria and fungi are free to grow

Question 23

Leukocytosis

Answer 23

The leukocyte count above the normal range in the blood

It is frequently a sign of an inflammatory response, generally from infection

Question 24

Cachexia

Answer 24

The loss of body mass that cannot be reversed nutritionally

“wasting”

Question 25

Purpura

Answer 25

Purple-colored spots and patches that occur on the skin, and in mucus membranes

Question 26

Serosanguinous

Answer 26

The cell and the liquid part of blood (serum) and to keep that fluids collected from or leaving the body

Question 27

Fibrinous

Answer 27

An elastic, insoluble, whitish protein produced by the action of thrombin on fibrinogen and forming an interlacing fibrous network in the coagulation of blood

Question 28

Purulent

Answer 28

Consisting of, containing, or discharging pus