Infections in Immunocomp Host pt 2 Flashcards
If you have neutropenia less than 7 days what bacteria could you suspect?
Staph, Strep, Pseudomonas, E. coli and Klebsiella
If you have neutropenia greater than 10 days what fungi might accompany the bacteria?
Aspergillus and Candida sp.
What can cause neutrophil count to fall?
Cancer medications
What could be used to prevent opportunistic fungi?
Candida or aspergillus
What are some broad spectrum IV antibiotics?
Ceftazidime, cefepime
Carbapenem if beta-lactamase needed
What drug would be used for prevention of opportunistic fungi?
Caspofungin
What could Sabourauds agar be used to indentify?
Candida
What diseases does Candida cause?
Thrush Vagina yeast infections Esophagitis Candidemia Hepatospenic candidasis
What is the treatment for Candida?
Echiocandins (caspofungin)
Fluconazole
Voriconazole
Amphotericin B
What are some causes of neurological symptoms in AIDS patients?
CNS lymphoma AIDS dementia complex Cryptococcal meningitis Toxoplasma gondii encephalitis Progressive multifactorial leukoencephalitis CMV encephalitis
What are ring-enhancing lesions in the brain associated with?
Lymphoma
Toxoplasmosis
Cryptococcosis
How is Toxoplasma gondii treated?
Pyrimethamine (inhibitor of folate synth)
Sulfadiazine (inhibitor of folate synth)
Leukovorin (folinic acids to overcome bone marrow suppressive effects of folic acid antagonists
If intolerant of sulfa drugs Clindamycin + pyrimethamine
How do you prevent Toxoplasma gondii in AIDS patients?
TMP/SMX (CD4 count below 200)
In healthy people what does Toxoplasma gondii cause?
Mono like symptoms
If an infant is born while the mother is infected what could it lead to?
Hydrocephalus, microephaly, intercranial calcification
Classic triad - chorioretinitis, hydrocephalus, calcification
What are the long term manifestations of congenital toxoplasmosis?
Deafness
Visual impairment
Learning disabilities
What organism will cause profuse, non-bloody, watery diarrhea with nausea, vomiting and lower ab cramping?
Cryptosporidium
What are the characteristics of Crypto hominis?
Sporozoite that follows the ingestion of contaminated food or water (like pools)
Where does the parasite of Cryptosporidium replicated in the host?
Ingested as oocyst
Replicates under brush border of intestine
Male and female gametes formed
Zygote to oocyst shed in feces
What is the treatment for Crytospotidiosis?
Nitazoxanide in normal infection
Where will you find the larvae of Strongyloides stercoralis?
CNS, heart, urinary tract, endocrine glands
What organism is associated with corticosteroid treatments?
Strongylodies stercoralis
How would you treat Strongylodies stercoralis?
Thiabendazole
