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CMBM exam 4 > Drug Absorption > Flashcards

Drug Absorption Flashcards

1
Q

Pharmacodynamics

A 
The mechanism of drug actions 
Pharmaological effect
Clinical response (efficacy or toxicity)
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2
Q

Pharmacokinetics

A

Examines the movement of a drug over time though the body

Adminstration > concentration > site of action > distribution > metabolized/excreted

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3
Q

Bioavailability

A

Percent of the dose that gets into the body

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4
Q

Bioequivalence

A

Similarity between two formulas of the same drug

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5
Q

Speed of drug onset

A

How long it takes the drug to being working

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6
Q

Dosing Interval

A

How often the drug should be give

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7
Q

Site of action

A

Whether the drug stay local or acts systemically

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8
Q

What is drug administration?

A

Movement of drug molecules across biological barriers from the site of administration of the blood stream

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9
Q

What will the rate of drug absorption be affected by?

A

Rate of release of drug from pharmaceutical prep
Membrane permeability of drug
Surface area in contact with drug
Blow flow to site of absorption
Destruction of a drug near site of absorption

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10
Q

What is the dosage form?

A

The determinate of how much drug is released

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11
Q

If a drug comes in solution form and gets shot into your arm what is the response like?

A

Immediate

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12
Q

If you take some pills and capsules of vitamin D because you never go outside what is the release like?

A

Delayed dissolution and then rapid release

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13
Q

Rub that cream on your skin. So nice. What is the release like?

A

No delay but slow release

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14
Q

What type of additive (excipients) will decrease the rate of dissolution?

A

Binder
Lubricants
Coating agents

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15
Q

What type of additive (excipients) will increase the rate of dissolution?

A

Disintegrants

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16
Q

What type of additive (excipients) will have variable effects on the rate of dissolution?

A

Diluents
Coloring agents
Flavoring agents

17
Q

Which type of tablet will dissolve slowly?

A

Hard tablet
Round tablets
Large tablet

18
Q

What is the benefit of an enteric coating?

A

Will dissolve in intestine but not the in the stomach

19
Q

What type of sustained release is reservoir diffusion?

A

Drug diffuses from pill to core through membrane shell

20
Q

What type of sustained release is matrix diffusion?

A

Drug diffuses through matrix which is embedded

21
Q

What type of sustained release is matrix dissolution?

A

Drug released as matrix dissolves

22
Q

What type of sustained release is osmotic tablets?

A

Drug pumped out of tablet by osmotic forces

23
Q

What type of sustained release is ion-exchange?

A

Drug bound to resin exchanges with endogenous ions

24
Q

What is lipophilicity?

A

Increases the membrane permeability

25
Q

Where would you find lipophilicity things happening?

A

In the presence of aliphatic and aromatic structures

Absence of polar groups

26
Q

What is ionization for drug permeability?

A

Decreases membrane permeability

27
Q

What happens to acid and base drugs and where are they ionized?

A

Weak acids in intestine

Weak bases in stomach

28
Q

Screw the henderson-hasselback quation.

A

I hate it.

pH = pka + ([nonprotonated species]/[protonated species])

29
Q

What are low surface areas for drug absorption?

A

Eyes, nasal cavity, buccal cavity, rectum, stomach, large intestine

30
Q

What are high surface areas for drug absorption?

A

Small intestines and lungs

31
Q

Where would there be low blood flow physiological for drug absorption?

A

Eyes, stomach, large intestine, rectum, subcutaneous tissue

32
Q

Where would there be high blood flow physiological for drug absorption?

A

Small intestines, lungs, muscle, buccal cavity and nasal cavity

33
Q

What are some factors that influence blood flow based on pharmcology?

A

Vasoconstrictors
Co-administration with vasoconstrictors
Vasodilators

34
Q

What determines whether a drug is destroyed at or near site of administration?

A

The biochemistry of the drug
Liver - hepatic enzymes (“first pass”
Colon - intestinal microfolra
Stomach - digestive enzymes and acids

35
Q

What are some direct, non-invasive way to take a drug?

A

Oral
Sublingual
Rectal

CMBM exam 4 (27 decks)

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