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CMBM exam 4 > Acute Inflammation > Flashcards

Acute Inflammation Flashcards

1
Q

What are the three purposes of inflammation?

A

To contain, neutralize and remove

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2
Q

What are the two main lines of defense?

A

Natural epithelial barriers

Inflammation

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3
Q

What are the natural epithelial barriers?

A

Keratinization
Acidic surfaces
Mucinous surfaces

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4
Q

What are the non-specific cells which cause inflammation

A

Mast cells, dendritic cells and macrophages

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5
Q

What does it mean when there is a “triple response of lewis”?

A

Mast cells releasing histamine

Red line, flare, wheal

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6
Q

Which immunoglobulin binds to mast cells?

A

IgE

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7
Q

What is the specific immunity types in regards to inflammation?

A

Humeral and cellular immunity

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8
Q

What is the colloquial term for urticaria?

A

Hives

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9
Q

What can be seen in the cells of someone who has urticaria?

A

Marked edema

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10
Q

If pus develops in an area (like a toe) with red streaks, the skin is sloughing off and ulceration what bacteria could cause this?

A

Strep

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11
Q

What is calor and what causes it?

A

Heat from vasodilatation

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12
Q

What is rubor and what causes it?

A

Redness from vasodilatation

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13
Q

What is tumor and what causes it?

A

Swelling from vascular permeability

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14
Q

What is dolor and what causes it?

A

Pain from mediator release/PMNs

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15
Q

What is functio laesa and what causes it?

A

Loss of function because you lost function

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16
Q

What are the major components of acute inflammation?

A

Vascular changes
Cellular events
Chemical mediators of inflammation

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17
Q

What is transient vasoconstriction?

A

The first action that happens after an injury which only lasts a few seconds

18
Q

Following vasoconstriction what happens in an injury?

A

Vasodilation of precapillary arterioles to inc blood flow

19
Q

Blood stasis occurs after vasodilation. Then the permeability of the venules _____.

A

Increase

20
Q

Looking at a new injury what pattern of visual cues would you see?

A

Pale to red to edema

21
Q

What is edema?

A

Increase in fluid

Look for pitting vs no pitting

22
Q

What is exudation?

A

And increase in cell number

Look for the amount of cells or if there is pus

23
Q

In vascular permeability how does the protein exit a vessel?

A

By the decrease of intravascular osmotic pressure or the increase of intravascular hydrostatic pressure

24
Q

When would endothelial gaps be seen in cell junctions?

A

Immediate transient response

Histamine, bradykinin, leukotrienes, substance P

25
Q

What causes a prolonged leakage of inflammatory products?

A

Vasculitis

ex. sunburn, x-rays, toxins

26
Q

What is transcytosis?

A

Various macromolecules are transported across the interior of a cell via vesicles

27
Q

What is angiogenesis?

A

Repair

Process through which new blood vessels form from pre-existing vessels

28
Q

What are the characteristics of transudate?

A

Normal vascular permeability
Plasma ultrafiltrate
Low protein
Specific gravity < 1.02

29
Q

What are the characteristics of exudate?

A

Increased vascular permeability
High protein and cell debris
Specific gravity > 1.02

30
Q

What would you call exudate in the lungs?

A

Pneumonia

31
Q

If a pt has pain over the right lower quadrant with rebound tenderness, what could it be?

A

Acute Appendicitis

32
Q

What mediators regulate pain?

A

Prostaglandin and bradykinin

33
Q

What chemical mediators participate in phagocytosis?

A

Complement C3b and IgG

34
Q

Which chemical mediators will show erythemia?

A

Histamine and serotonin

35
Q

What chemical mediators will cause the experience of a fever?

A

Interleukin-1 and necrosis factors (tissue destruction)

36
Q

When leukocytic infiltrate is observed, what mediators would have appeared?

A

Leukotriene and HPETE

37
Q

After a prolonged period of time after an injury and suturing you may see a nodule at the incision site. Which cell would appear for this type of inflammatory response?

A

Giant cells

38
Q

What inflammatory cells participant in clearance?

A

Hydrogen peroxide

39
Q

What types of injury could cause a pulmonary thromboembolism?

A

Swollen leg below the knee, pain with motion, tenderness and strong aterial pulses

40
Q

If a pt appears with a bacterial infection (acid fast) which cells are most likely to appear?

A

Macrophages

CMBM exam 4 (27 decks)

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