Acute Inflammation

Question 1

What are the three purposes of inflammation?

Answer 1

To contain, neutralize and remove

Question 2

What are the two main lines of defense?

Answer 2

Natural epithelial barriers

Inflammation

Question 3

What are the natural epithelial barriers?

Answer 3

Keratinization
Acidic surfaces
Mucinous surfaces

Question 4

What are the non-specific cells which cause inflammation

Answer 4

Mast cells, dendritic cells and macrophages

Question 5

What does it mean when there is a “triple response of lewis”?

Answer 5

Mast cells releasing histamine

Red line, flare, wheal

Question 6

Which immunoglobulin binds to mast cells?

Answer 6

IgE

Question 7

What is the specific immunity types in regards to inflammation?

Answer 7

Humeral and cellular immunity

Question 8

What is the colloquial term for urticaria?

Answer 8

Hives

Question 9

What can be seen in the cells of someone who has urticaria?

Answer 9

Marked edema

Question 10

If pus develops in an area (like a toe) with red streaks, the skin is sloughing off and ulceration what bacteria could cause this?

Answer 10

Strep

Question 11

What is calor and what causes it?

Answer 11

Heat from vasodilatation

Question 12

What is rubor and what causes it?

Answer 12

Redness from vasodilatation

Question 13

What is tumor and what causes it?

Answer 13

Swelling from vascular permeability

Question 14

What is dolor and what causes it?

Answer 14

Pain from mediator release/PMNs

Question 15

What is functio laesa and what causes it?

Answer 15

Loss of function because you lost function

Question 16

What are the major components of acute inflammation?

Answer 16

Vascular changes
Cellular events
Chemical mediators of inflammation

Question 17

What is transient vasoconstriction?

Answer 17

The first action that happens after an injury which only lasts a few seconds

Question 18

Following vasoconstriction what happens in an injury?

Answer 18

Vasodilation of precapillary arterioles to inc blood flow

Question 19

Blood stasis occurs after vasodilation. Then the permeability of the venules _____.

Answer 19

Increase

Question 20

Looking at a new injury what pattern of visual cues would you see?

Answer 20

Pale to red to edema

Question 21

What is edema?

Answer 21

Increase in fluid

Look for pitting vs no pitting

Question 22

What is exudation?

Answer 22

And increase in cell number

Look for the amount of cells or if there is pus

Question 23

In vascular permeability how does the protein exit a vessel?

Answer 23

By the decrease of intravascular osmotic pressure or the increase of intravascular hydrostatic pressure

Question 24

When would endothelial gaps be seen in cell junctions?

Answer 24

Immediate transient response

Histamine, bradykinin, leukotrienes, substance P

Question 25

What causes a prolonged leakage of inflammatory products?

Answer 25

Vasculitis | ex. sunburn, x-rays, toxins

Question 26

What is transcytosis?

Answer 26

Various macromolecules are transported across the interior of a cell via vesicles

Question 27

What is angiogenesis?

Answer 27

Repair | Process through which new blood vessels form from pre-existing vessels

Question 28

What are the characteristics of transudate?

Answer 28

Normal vascular permeability Plasma ultrafiltrate Low protein Specific gravity < 1.02

Question 29

What are the characteristics of exudate?

Answer 29

Increased vascular permeability High protein and cell debris Specific gravity > 1.02

Question 30

What would you call exudate in the lungs?

Answer 30

Pneumonia

Question 31

If a pt has pain over the right lower quadrant with rebound tenderness, what could it be?

Answer 31

Acute Appendicitis

Question 32

What mediators regulate pain?

Answer 32

Prostaglandin and bradykinin

Question 33

What chemical mediators participate in phagocytosis?

Answer 33

Complement C3b and IgG

Question 34

Which chemical mediators will show erythemia?

Answer 34

Histamine and serotonin

Question 35

What chemical mediators will cause the experience of a fever?

Answer 35

Interleukin-1 and necrosis factors (tissue destruction)

Question 36

When leukocytic infiltrate is observed, what mediators would have appeared?

Answer 36

Leukotriene and HPETE

Question 37

After a prolonged period of time after an injury and suturing you may see a nodule at the incision site. Which cell would appear for this type of inflammatory response?

Answer 37

Giant cells

Question 38

What inflammatory cells participant in clearance?

Answer 38

Hydrogen peroxide

Question 39

What types of injury could cause a pulmonary thromboembolism?

Answer 39

Swollen leg below the knee, pain with motion, tenderness and strong aterial pulses

Question 40

If a pt appears with a bacterial infection (acid fast) which cells are most likely to appear?

Answer 40

Macrophages