Readings Lecture 3 Flashcards
What are the recognized purposes of the death penalty?
Deterrence and retribution.
What are some characteristics of adolescents?
Less mature decision making, impulsivity, risk-taking, peer orientation, temporal perspective, vulnerability to coercion and false confession
Why does deductive reasoning improve in adolescence?
Due in part to the adolescents ability to think before responding
What does adolescent self-perception rely on?
More on what they believe others think of them
What can the personal fable help with?
Self-esteem and self-importance
How does an adolescent become better able to understand sarcasm?
Able to attend to different aspects of speech (context, content, and tone)
What is the Piagetian view?
Cognitive development proceeds through a fixed sequence of qualitatively distinct stages-each stage governs a particular type of thinking
How does one transition into the next stage according to Piaget?
Have to be biologically ready to meet environmental demands
Why does memory improve during adolescence?
Chemicals are released when we experience something that elicits strong negative or positive emotions. Adolescent brain is chemically inclined to encode deeper.
Why does self-consciousness arise?
Due to more advanced cognitive abilities
What is developmental plasticity?
Malleability of the brain during periods in which the brain is still being built, anatomy is still changing
What is adult plasticity?
Doesn’t fundamentally alter the neural structure of the brain but provides minor modifications to existing circuits. Far less malleable.
How do the brains of more intelligent adolescents mature?
More dramatic and longer period of synapse production before adulthood, more pruning after, longer plasticity
What are the three parts to Stenbergs Triarchic theory of intelligence?
1) componential
2) experiential
3) contextual
What is componential intelligence?
Ability to acquire, store, and process information
What is experiential intelligence?
Ability to use insight and creativity
What is contextual intelligence?
Ability to think practically (street smarts)
What are the 7 types of intelligence included in Gardner’s theory of multiple intelligences?
Mathematical, verbal, spatial, kinesthetic, self-reflective, interpersonal, musical
What was Vgotsky’s idea on children’s intelligence?
Individuals use intelligence in response to their environment. Children and adolescents learn best when they encounter tasks that are not too challenging, but not too simple (zone of proximal development)
What is scaffolding?
Structuring the learning situation so that it is in reach of the student
What are the 4 aspects of social cognition?
1) theory of mind 2) Social relationships 3) Understanding social conventions 4) conception of laws, civil liberties and rights
What is mentalizing?
The ability to better understand someone else’s mental state.
What is behavioural decision making?
Decision making as a rational process through which individuals calculate cost and benefit of alternate actions and behave in ways that maximize benefits
What is the idea of invulnerability?
Adolescents overestimate risks, but the interpretation of the risk causes them to overlook this
