Reactive Changes To Infection

Question 1

What is smear romanowsky stained test for

Answer 1

-To differentiate cells for microscopic examination in pathological specimens
-helps to detect parasites

Question 2

What is leukaemia

Answer 2

The bone marrow produced and excessive/abnormal amount of white blood cells which don’t function properly

Question 3

What is leucocytosis

Answer 3

-increase in white blood cells above the normal reference range which is (4.0-1-.0 x 109/l)
-can be caused due to an increase in neutrophils,lymphocytes or sometimes eosinophils

Question 4

What is absolute cell count

Answer 4

-%of cell type x white cell count
-it is compared to the normal reference,which is specify for age gender or ethic group

Question 5

What is neutrophilia

Answer 5

-Range of circulating neutrophils is increased
-women have a higher range than men
-high range can occur in neonates,during pregnancy,labour and post partum period

Question 6

Causes of neutrophila

Answer 6

-non specific(innate) immune response to infection
-physiological response to vigorous exercise
-inflammation
-tissue damage or necrosis
-Response to blood loss

Question 7

What also occurs if neutrophilia is caused by infection

Answer 7

Morphological changes such as
-toxic granulation
-Dohle bodies
-vacuolation bacterial infection

Question 8

What is lymphocytosis

Answer 8

Increased number of lymphocytes
Usually occurs in response to viral infections

Question 9

Cause of lymphocytosis

Answer 9

-viral infection
-splenectomy
-bacterial infections

Question 10

Changes that occur in lymphocytosis

Answer 10

-lymphocytes change and are often referred to as ‘atypical lymphocytes’ or ‘atypical mononuclear cells’
-they increase in size,have basophilic cytoplasm ,large nucleus

Question 11

What is eosinophilia

Answer 11

-increased number of eosinophils in Cirulation

Question 12

Causes of eosinophilia

Answer 12

-parasitic infection round worms and flukes that invade tissues
-allergic reactions to drugs
-skin conditions and connectives tissue disorders

Question 13

What reactive change is associated with ethic differences

Answer 13

Neutrophila
People from African origin often have lower reference range

Question 14

What is monocytosis

Answer 14

Increased number of monocytes

Question 15

Causes of monocytosis

Answer 15

-Bacterial infection including chronic infections such as tuberculosis
-as a result of inflammatory conditions,carcinoma and leukaemia

Question 16

What is basophils

Answer 16

-Increased number of basophils circulating-
-however often described as an increased uptake of basic dyes by cytoplasm