Diveristy Of Physiological Systems

Question 1

Anatomy

Answer 1

Scientific description of the physical structure of organism parts

Question 2

Physiology

Answer 2

-Branch of science concentrated with functioning of organisms
-processes and functions of all or part of an organism

Question 3

Meaning of physiological

Answer 3

Normal healthy functioning

Question 4

Pathological

Answer 4

Not normal/healthy functioning

Question 5

What is pathology

Answer 5

Branch of medicine concerned with the cause,origin and nature of disease as well as changes in tissues and organs

Question 6

Internal fluid compartments

Answer 6

Total body volume which is divided into:
- total body water
-intercellular fluid
-extracellular fluid

Question 7

Levels of physiology

Answer 7

Cells=tissues=organs=organ system=whole body=reproduction

Question 8

How many cells does a body have and into how many groups is it divided into

Answer 8

200 cells divided into 4 types

Question 9

4 types of cells

Answer 9

-neural cells(signalling cells)

-muscle cells( cells which contract eg during fight of flight)
-epithelial cells( body covering eg skin,internal linings and renal tubules)

-connective tissue cells( found in blood, fat ,tendons as well as bones)

Question 10

4 types of epithelial cells

Answer 10

Simple
Stratified
Glandular

Question 11

Why do columnar epithelium have gap junctions

Answer 11

Allows small molecules to pass through and communicate

Question 12

What are connective tissues

Answer 12

Everlasting body tissues which connect , support and help bind other tissues

Question 13

What are Haversian systems

Answer 13

Series of tubes around narrow channels formed by lamellae.Surrounded by blood vessels and nerve fibres throughout the bone and communicate with osteocytes.

Question 14

What are osteocytes

Answer 14

Mature bone cell which is embedded in the bone matrix

Question 15

Type of connective tissue in blood

Answer 15

Monocyte
Lymphocyte
Platelets
Basophil
Eosinophil
Neutrophil

Question 16

What are tissues

Answer 16

Collection of similar cells that carry out a specific function

Question 17

What are organs

Answer 17

Contain 2 or more tissues and perform a particular function,eg heart chambers and valves

Question 18

What are organ systems

Answer 18

Contain 2 or more organs that work together eg the cardiovascular system

Question 19

List control systems

Answer 19

Nervous and endocrine

Question 20

List protective systems

Answer 20

Skin(integumentary) and immune

Question 21

List movement/support systems

Answer 21

Muscular and skeletal

Question 22

Food processing system

Answer 22

Gastrointestinal

Question 23

Gas exchange systems

Answer 23

Respiratory ,cardiovascular

Question 24

Excretory systems

Answer 24

Renal

Question 25

How many organ systems do our bodies have

Answer 25

11

Question 26

List all the organ systems

Answer 26

Respiratory
Digestive
Lymphatic
Endocrine
Circulatory
Nervous
Muscular
Skeletal
Integumentary
Reproductive
Urinary

Question 27

List the main hormone producing tissues

Answer 27

-brain
+hypothalamus eg dopamine
+pituary gland( anterior eg growth hormone,prolactin ,fish and posterior eg oxytocin )

-glands
+adrenal glands eg adrenaline,cortisol,noradrenaline
+parathyroid glands eg parathyroid glands
+thyroid gland eg thyroid hormones t3 t4

-pancreas eg insulin glucagon

-testes(male only) eg testosterone

-ovaries(female only) eg oestrogen,progesterone

Question 28

What disorders can failure of homeostasis cause

Answer 28

Obesity
Heat stroke
Diabetes(insulin failure)
Neuroendocrine disorders
Hyper tension

Question 29

Negative feedback mechanism for increased glucose levels

Answer 29

1)Glucose intake=
2)increases plasma glucose=
3)stimulates B-cells
4)b cells secrete insulin
5)this causes increased glucose uptake by tissues 6)this results in decreased plasma glucose
7) stimulates a cells
8)resulting in glucagon secretion
9) glucose mobilization from liver

Question 30

negative feedback

Answer 30

A change in a variable initiates responses which serve to cancel the change

Question 31

Feedforward

Answer 31

Limits change.Anticipatory behaviour that acts to minimise disruption to set points