Diveristy Of Physiological Systems Flashcards
Anatomy
Scientific description of the physical structure of organism parts
Physiology
-Branch of science concentrated with functioning of organisms
-processes and functions of all or part of an organism
Meaning of physiological
Normal healthy functioning
Pathological
Not normal/healthy functioning
What is pathology
Branch of medicine concerned with the cause,origin and nature of disease as well as changes in tissues and organs
Internal fluid compartments
Total body volume which is divided into:
- total body water
-intercellular fluid
-extracellular fluid
Levels of physiology
Cells=tissues=organs=organ system=whole body=reproduction
How many cells does a body have and into how many groups is it divided into
200 cells divided into 4 types
4 types of cells
-neural cells(signalling cells)
-muscle cells( cells which contract eg during fight of flight)
-epithelial cells( body covering eg skin,internal linings and renal tubules)
-connective tissue cells( found in blood, fat ,tendons as well as bones)
4 types of epithelial cells
Simple
Stratified
Glandular
Why do columnar epithelium have gap junctions
Allows small molecules to pass through and communicate
What are connective tissues
Everlasting body tissues which connect , support and help bind other tissues
What are Haversian systems
Series of tubes around narrow channels formed by lamellae.Surrounded by blood vessels and nerve fibres throughout the bone and communicate with osteocytes.
What are osteocytes
Mature bone cell which is embedded in the bone matrix
Type of connective tissue in blood
Monocyte
Lymphocyte
Platelets
Basophil
Eosinophil
Neutrophil
What are tissues
Collection of similar cells that carry out a specific function
What are organs
Contain 2 or more tissues and perform a particular function,eg heart chambers and valves
What are organ systems
Contain 2 or more organs that work together eg the cardiovascular system
List control systems
Nervous and endocrine
List protective systems
Skin(integumentary) and immune
List movement/support systems
Muscular and skeletal
Food processing system
Gastrointestinal
Gas exchange systems
Respiratory ,cardiovascular
Excretory systems
Renal
How many organ systems do our bodies have
11
List all the organ systems
Respiratory
Digestive
Lymphatic
Endocrine
Circulatory
Nervous
Muscular
Skeletal
Integumentary
Reproductive
Urinary
List the main hormone producing tissues
-brain
+hypothalamus eg dopamine
+pituary gland( anterior eg growth hormone,prolactin ,fish and posterior eg oxytocin )
-glands
+adrenal glands eg adrenaline,cortisol,noradrenaline
+parathyroid glands eg parathyroid glands
+thyroid gland eg thyroid hormones t3 t4
-pancreas eg insulin glucagon
-testes(male only) eg testosterone
-ovaries(female only) eg oestrogen,progesterone
What disorders can failure of homeostasis cause
Obesity
Heat stroke
Diabetes(insulin failure)
Neuroendocrine disorders
Hyper tension
Negative feedback mechanism for increased glucose levels
1)Glucose intake=
2)increases plasma glucose=
3)stimulates B-cells
4)b cells secrete insulin
5)this causes increased glucose uptake by tissues 6)this results in decreased plasma glucose
7) stimulates a cells
8)resulting in glucagon secretion
9) glucose mobilization from liver
negative feedback
A change in a variable initiates responses which serve to cancel the change
Feedforward
Limits change.Anticipatory behaviour that acts to minimise disruption to set points
