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D1 Fall > RD 1 Lecture 1 > Flashcards

RD 1 Lecture 1 Flashcards

1
Q

dentition

A

all teeth in the mouth

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2
Q

homodont

A

animals with the same teeth throughout the entire dentition

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3
Q

heterodont

A

mammals that have teeth of different classes (humans)

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4
Q

how many classes of teeth in primary dentition, what are they

A

3 (incisors, canine, molar)

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5
Q

how many classes of permanent dentition and what are the names

A

4 (incisors, canines, premolars, molars)

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6
Q

monophyodont

A

have one set of teeth (beluga whale, dolphin, porpoise)

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7
Q

polyphyodont

A

have endless succession of teeth, when one is lost it is then replaced (shark, frog)

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8
Q

diphyodont

A

has two sets of teeth (humans)

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9
Q

how would you classify a human in terms of their dentition

A

a diphyodont heterodont

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10
Q

how many primary teeth and how many of each category

A

20 total = 8 incisors, 4 canines, 8 molars

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11
Q

how many permanent teeth and how many of each category

A

32 permanent teeth= 8 incisors, 4 canines, 8 premolars, 12 molars

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12
Q

two types of incisors and their location

A

central and lateral, central are two in the middle, lateral are the ones on opposite sides of the central incisors

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13
Q

anterior teeth

A

incisors and canines

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14
Q

posterior teeth

A

premolars and molars

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15
Q

which teeth are present in permanent but not in primary

A

all premolars and third molar

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16
Q

3 types of tooth identification systems

A

Universal (most common), FDI, Palmer Notation (ortho mostly)

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17
Q

Universal (Permanent)

A

1-16 maxillary teeth going left to right (while viewing patients mouth)
17-32 mandibular teeth going right to left (while viewing patients mouth)

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18
Q

Universal (primary)

A

A-J maxillary teeth going left to right (while viewing patients mouth)
K-T mandibular teeth going right to left (while viewing patients mouth)

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19
Q

FDI (permanent)

A

-2 digits for each tooth

1st digit follows these guidelines (1-4)

1 = max, right quad
2 = max, left quad
3 = mand, left quad
4 = mand, right quad

2nd digit is the distance from the midline (1-8)

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20
Q

FDI (primary)

A

-2 digits for each tooth

1st digit follows these guidelines (5-8)

5= max, right quad
6 = max, left quad
7 = mand, left quad
8 = mand, right quad

2nd digit is the distance from the midline (1-5)

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21
Q

Palmer Notation

A

the number used is the distance from the midline (1-8)
put it in a box based on the quad
UR | UL
LR | LL

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22
Q

4 tissues in the teeth

A

enamel, dentin, cementum, pulp

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23
Q

which tissues of the tooth are visible in an extracted tooth

A

enamel and cementum

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24
Q

enamel

A

-external layer of the anatomical crown
-hardest substance in the body

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25
Q

what is enamel derived from

A

ectoderm, specialized epithelial cells called ameloblasts

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26
Q

cementum

A

-dull yellow external layer of the root
-very thin

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27
Q

where is cementum derived from

A

mesoderm, cementoblasts

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28
Q

dentin

A

-hard yellow layer under enamel and cementum
-major inner bulk
-harder than cementum, softer than enamel

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29
Q

where is dentin derived from

A

mesoderm, odontoblasts

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30
Q

pulp

A

-Connective tissue containing blood vessels and nerves
-coronal portion = pulp chamber
- root portion =root canal

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31
Q

apical foramen

A

hole at the top of the root apex where nerves and blood vessels enter

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32
Q

what is the pulp derived from

A

mesoderm, dental papilla

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33
Q

rank the tooth tissues in terms of hardness

A

enamel>dentin>cementum>pulp

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34
Q

anatomic crown

A

part covered by enamel

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35
Q

anatomical root

A

part covered by cementum

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36
Q

CEJ (cementoenamel junction)

A

line where anatomical root and anatomical crown meet

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37
Q

how do the anatomical root and crown change over time

A

they never change over a person’s life

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38
Q

clinical crown

A

tooth visible in the oral cavity

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39
Q

clinical root

A

amount of tooth not visible, covered by gingiva

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40
Q

how can clinical crown and root change over time

A

over time, gingival recession can occur, making the clinical crown appear larger and the clinical root smaller

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41
Q

outer surfaces of teeth

A

facial: labial for anterior, buccal for posterior

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42
Q

inner surface of teeth

A

lingual (where tongue touches teeth)

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43
Q

chewing surface of posterior teeth

A

occlusal

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44
Q

biting surface on anterior teeth

A

incisal ridge / edge

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45
Q

sides of the teeth

A

proximal (general term) , mesial and distal sides

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46
Q

mesial surface

A

side closer to midline

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47
Q

distal surface

A

side closer to the back of the mouth

48
Q

which two teeth have mesial sides touching each other

A

central incisors

49
Q

which surfaces are not naturally cleaned by mouth

A

proximal, mesial and distal (need flossing to reach)

50
Q

external line angle

A

line where 2 surfaces meet

51
Q

how to name a line angle

A

combine 2 names, change -al of first surface to -o
order for naming: mesial, distal, facial, lingual, occlusal, incisal

52
Q

point angle

A

where 3 tooth surfaces meet

53
Q

dimension of a tooth

A

the length being measured from one surface to another

54
Q

the length of the root

A

cervicoapical dimension

55
Q

dividing a crown into thirds (horizontal)

A

cervical, middle, occlusal/incisal

56
Q

dividing a root into thirds (horizontal)

A

cervical, middle , apical

57
Q

when dividing a crown or root into thirds (facial or lingual view) (vertical)

A

mesial, middle, distal

58
Q

when dividing a crown or root into thirds (mesial or distal) (vertical)

A

facial, middle, lingual

59
Q

when diving a crown into thirds (occlusal/incisal) (mesiodistally)

A

facial, middle, lingual

60
Q

when diving a crown into thirds (occlusal/incisal view) (faciolingually)

A

mesial, middle, distal

61
Q

root-to-crown ratio

A

root length divided by crown length

62
Q

normal root to crown ratio

A

normally > 1.0

63
Q

what is the clinical significance of a root-to-crown ratio

A

a small root-to-crown ratio is not the best choice for attaching false teeth

64
Q

a cusp

A

pyramidal elevation, on occlusal surfaces of molars/premolars, and incisal edges of canines

65
Q

how many cusp ridges does a single cusp have

A

4

66
Q

naming a 2-cusped premolar

A

buccal or lingual, based on surface they are adjacent to

67
Q

naming a 4-cusped molar

A

after adjacent line angles: mesiobuccal, distobuccal, mesiolingual, distolingual

68
Q

ridges on anterior teeth

A

mesial and distal marginal ridge
-located on each respective side on lingual surface and converge to cingulum

69
Q

triangular ridge

A

on each major cusp on posterior teeth
-extends from cusp tip to sulcus in middle of tooh

70
Q

when triangular ridge on facial joins triangular ridge on lingual

A

transverse ridge

71
Q

when triangular ridge on facial joins triangular ridge on diagonal lingual cusp

A

oblique ridge (only maxillary molars)

72
Q

mamelons

A

3 small tubercules/scallops on incisal edge of incisors

73
Q

perikymata

A

minute horizontal ridges on enamel of new permanent teeth
-closer together in cervical third than in incisal third

74
Q

tooth sulcus

A

v-shaped depression running mesiodistally on occlusal surfaces of posterior teeth

75
Q

function of sulci

A

allow for chewing food to escape through the grooves

76
Q

developmental grooves

A

major, sharply defined, linear depressions
-formed during tooth development
-separates lobes of teeth

77
Q

main developmental grooves

A

central groove runs mesiodistal
fossa developmental grooves at ends of central groove

78
Q

additional grooves (not developmental)

A

supplemental grooves
-don’t occur at the junction of lobes

79
Q

fissure

A

narrow cleft at the depth of any groove (lines on tooth)

80
Q

cause of a fissure

A

incomplete fusion of enamel during tooth development

81
Q

fossa

A

small hollow depression between marginal ridges
-on lingual surface of anteriors
-on occlusal surface of posterior

82
Q

pits

A

occur at the depth of fossa where 2 or more grooves join

83
Q

apex

A

tip at the end of the root

84
Q

apical foramina

A

visible openings where nerve and blood vessels enter the pulp

85
Q

cervix

A

neck of the tooth, union of the crown and root

86
Q

root trunk

A

part of the root that hasn’t split into multiple roots

87
Q

furcation

A

spot on root trunk where it divides into separate roots
-bifurcation for 2 roots
-trifurcation for 3 roots

88
Q

furcal region

A

space between 2 or more roots usually filled with gingiva

89
Q

Cervical Line Curvature

A

-curves convex toward incisal/occlusal surface

90
Q

the amount of curvature of CEJ on the _____ surface is greater than on the ____ surface

A

mesial, distal

91
Q

When moving from the central incisors to the molars, the curvature _______

A

decreases as you move distally

92
Q

mid-root axis line

A

imaginary line through the center of the root
-important for describing landmarks

93
Q

height of contour

A

aka crest of curvature
-shape of greatest bulge on facial and lingual surfaces

94
Q

height of contour function

A

help determine the direction that food particles are deflected

95
Q

where do anterior teeth have facial and lingual heights of contour

A

in the cervical third of the crown

96
Q

where do posterior teeth have heights of contour on the facial and lingual surfaces

A

facial = cervical third
lingual = middle third

97
Q

Contact areas

A

greatest heights of contour on proximal surfaces
-where one tooth touches an adjacent tooth

98
Q

proximal contact functions

A

-stabilize position of teeth
-prevent food impaction
-protects interdental papillae

99
Q

proximal contact areas lie ________

A

along the height of contour line

100
Q

proximal contact area lies in the _____ and ________

A

faciolingual dimension and incisocervical dimension

101
Q

diastema

A

space between 2 teeth not caused by 2 missing teeth

102
Q

which teeth have mesial contact areas most incisally

A

central incisors
(means that they touch closest to the incisal edge)

103
Q

typically, the ______ contact is more cervical than the _______ contact

A

distal, mesial
(cervical means closer to root)

104
Q

when viewing from facial, contact areas are located where

A

incisal/occlusal third, middle third, or in between

105
Q

contact areas are normally NOT in which area

A

cervical third

106
Q

when viewing anterior teeth from an incisal view, the contact are nearly centered _______

A

faciolingually

107
Q

when viewing posterior teeth from an incisal view, the contact are located _ ______

A

slightly more facial of the midline buccolingually

108
Q

embrasure spaces

A

v-shaped space formed by curved tooth surfaces
-allow chewed food to escape from occlusal surface

109
Q

when adjacent teeth contact, how many embrasure spaces are formed

A

4 triangular embrasure spaces

110
Q

occlusal view shows which embrasure spaces

A

facial and lingual

111
Q

facial view shows which embrasure spaces

A

incisal and interproximal

112
Q

interproximal embrasure space

A

cervical to contact area between 2 teeth

113
Q

interdental papillae

A

projection of free gingival tissue in the interproximal area

114
Q

col

A

slightly sagging tent, shape of healthy interdental papilla

115
Q

compare sizes of lingual vs. facial embrasure space

A

lingual > facial

116
Q

occlusal embrasure

A

area between marginal ridges on 2 teeth
-where dental floss passes before going into interproximal space

D1 Fall (14 decks)

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