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D1 Fall > Connective Tissue > Flashcards

Connective Tissue Flashcards

1
Q

Functions of Glycocalyx

A
  • Cell to cell recognition
  • communication
  • intercellular adhesion
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2
Q

Name the 4 Major Tissue of the Body

A
  1. Epithelial
  2. Connective
  3. Muscle
  4. Nerve
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3
Q

Mesenchyme

A

Embryonic Connective Tissue

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4
Q

Connective Tissue Proper

A

Adult Connective Tissue

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5
Q

Which Connective Tissue is specialized?

A
  • Adipose Tissue
  • Blood
  • Bone and Cartilage
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6
Q

Fibroblasts (Resident or Migratory cells?)

A

Resident

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7
Q

Macrophages (Resident or Migratory cells?)

A

Migratory

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8
Q

Reticular Fibers (Function)

A

Provide a supporting framework for the cellular constituents of various tissues + organs

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9
Q

Elastic Fibers (Function)

A

Allow tissues to respond to stretch and distention

*Elasticity is genetically controlled

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10
Q

Ground Substance Contents

A

Specialized macromolecules (10%)
Water (90%)

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11
Q

Ground Substance Functions

A
  • fill space b/w cells + fibers
  • lubrication
  • diffusion of water soluble molcules
  • path for cell migration
  • anchor cells through cell to ECM adhesion
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12
Q

2 Major Classifications of Connective Tissue Proper

A
  1. Loose/Areolar CT
  2. Dense CT (Regular + Irregular)
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13
Q

Loose Connective Tissue Functions

A
  • Diffusion of oxygen/carbon dioxide + nutrients/waste
  • Inflammatory + Immune Reactions
  • Provides Structural Supoprt
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14
Q

Loose Connective Tissue Characteristics

A
  • Flexible
  • Well Vascularized
  • Cellular
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15
Q

Dense Regular CT (Arrangement + Functions)

A

Arrangement: Fibers arranged in orderly parallel bundles

  • Transmit force of muscle contraction
  • Attach muscles to bones
  • Protection (ligaments + cornea)
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16
Q

Dense Irregular CT (Arrangement + Functions)

A

Arrangement: Fibers arranged randomly

  • Provide tensile strength
  • Protection
    ex) skin and GI tract
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17
Q

How does Connective Tissue provide nutrition?

A
  • Reservoir for water and electrolytes
  • Stores energy in the form of triglycerides (adipocytes)
  • Support blood vessels
  • Passageway for nutrients and gases
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18
Q

Collagen Fiber System Components

A

Collagen Fibers + Reticular Fibers

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19
Q

Elastic Fiber System Components

A

Elastic Fibers

20
Q

What causes scurvy?

A

Vitamin C deficiency

*Vitamin C is essential for the synthesis of collagen; the matrix produces in scurvy is not calcifiable => bone formation is impaired

21
Q

Reticular Fibers (Location + Function)

A

Found in lymphatic organs

Support hematopoietic + lymphoid organs

22
Q

Elastic Fibers (Location + Function)

A

Found in walls of large blood vessels + ligaments

Functions: elasticity, resilence + shape control

23
Q

Desmosine + Isodesmosine Function

A

Cross-linking elastic fibers (enable their stretch + recoil)

24
Q

Extracellular Matrix Components

A

Ground substance + Fibers

25
Q

Extracellular Matrix Function

A

Informs cells about the biochemical + mechanical changes in their extracellular environment

26
Q

Glycosaminoglycans (GAGs)

A

metabolically cheap bulking agent (acidic -> attract ions (Ex. Na+) -> attracts water => molecule puffs up in gel to fill the space

compressive strength

27
Q

Hyaluronic Acid (Functions)

A
  • resist compression
  • promotes flexibility
  • shock absorber
  • immobilizes molecules (Ex. growth factors)
  • Insulator (Prevents diffusion through the dense network)
28
Q

Hyaluronic Acid (Location)

A

Cartilage

29
Q

Hyaluronic Acid (Characteristics)

A
  • Free carbohydrate chain
    -linker proteins help proteoglycans indirectly bind to HA
  • large, rigid non-sulfated GAG synthesized on cell surface
30
Q

Hyaluronidases

A
  • enzymes that degrade HA
  • lowers the viscosity of CT
  • increases tissue permeability
31
Q

How does the ECM communicate with the contents of the cytoplasm?

A

multi-adhesive glycoproteins facilitate attachment between Cell - CT element / CT element - CT element

32
Q

Fibroblasts are precursors of …

A

… ground substance
… collagen
… elastic fibers

33
Q

Myofibroblast

A

specialized fibroblast in the salivary gland

34
Q

Fibroblast (Structural Features)

A
  • spindle-shaped cells
  • elliptic nucleus
  • thin cytoplasm
35
Q

Fibroblast (Functions)

A
  • synthesis and secretion of collagen + elastic precursors, proteoglycans and glycoproteins
36
Q

Diapedesis

A

WBC leave blood by migrating b/w the epithelial lining of capillaries to enter

37
Q

When does diapedesis increase?

A

inflammation

38
Q

Signs of inflammation

A
  • redness
  • swelling
  • heat
  • pain
39
Q

Macrophage (Functions)

A
  • activation and presentation (antigen presentation to lymphocytes by ingesting antigen, chewing and spitting it to MHC II)
  • phagocytosis (release cytokines + enzymes that break down GAGs)
40
Q

Macrophage (Structural Features)

A
  • Lysosomes
  • Numerous phagocytic nucleus
  • Oval/kidney shaped nucleus

*Dust cells present in lungs of smokers

41
Q

Mast Cells (Functions)

A
  • Release chemical mediators
  • important in allergic responses
42
Q

Mast Cells (Location)

A

Origin: Arise from multipotent hematopoietic stem cells in the bone marrow

Oval to round cells with microvilli
Nucleus is centrally located (surface expresses IgE receptors)
Cytoplasm contains dense basophilic secretory granules
Eosinophilic

43
Q

Plasma Cells (Functions)

A

Produce single class of antibodies in response to antigen

44
Q

Plasma Cells (Location)

A

Concentrated in areas that are more likely to be penetrated by foreign material

Ex. GI tract

45
Q

Plasma Cells (Structural Features)

A
  • Oval Cell
  • Eccentric nucleus
  • Golgi Ghost
  • Cytoplasm is NOT eosinophilic

D1 Fall (14 decks)

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