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HEMATOLOGY 1 > RBC inclusions > Flashcards

RBC inclusions Flashcards

1
Q

Also known as punctate, characterized by irregular, dark blue to purple granules evenly distributed within an RBC

A

Basophilic stippling

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2
Q

Content found in basophilic stippling

A

Aggregated RNA

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3
Q

Stains used to visualize basophilic stippling

A

Wright stain (deep blue to purple), supravital stain

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4
Q

Associated with lead poisoning (plumbism/saturnism), arsenic poisoning, pyrimidine-5’-nucleotidase deficiency, anemias with impaired hemoglobin synthesis (thalassemia), refractory anemias, alcoholism, megaloblastic anemias

A

Basophillic stippling

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5
Q

Type of stippling observed in plumbism, disorders with impaired hemoglobin synthesis, megaloblastic anemia, and severe anemia.

A

Coarse stippling

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6
Q

Characterized by dark blue irregular granules in Prussian blue iron staining and pale blue clusters in Wright staining

A

Siderotic granules (Pappenheimer bodies)

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7
Q

Content of siderotic granules

A

Intracytoplasmic collections of iron

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8
Q

Stains used to visualize siderotic granules

A

Perl’s reagent through Prussian blue reaction

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9
Q

Conditions associated with siderotic granules

A

Sideroblastic anemias (dimorphic peripheral blood picture), thalassemia, hemochromatosis or hemosiderosis

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10
Q

Stains to visualize Pappenheimer bodies

A

New Methylene Blue, Wright stain

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11
Q

Howell-Jolly bodies: typical size, shape, and color

A

<1 μm, round, blue to purple

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12
Q

Composition of Howell-Jolly bodies

A

Nuclear chromatin (DNA)

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13
Q

Stains for Howell-Jolly bodies

A

Wright stain, New Methylene Blue, Feulgen reaction

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14
Q

Conditions associated with Howell-Jolly bodies

A

Megaloblastic anemias, after splenectomy, thalassemia

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15
Q

Cabot rings: appearance and composition

A

Threadlike purple-blue loops or rings, remnants of the mitotic spindle

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16
Q

Stains for Cabot rings

A

Wright stain, Supravital stain

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17
Q

Conditions associated with Cabot rings

A

Megaloblastic anemias, refractory anemia, lead poisoning

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18
Q

Positive Feulgen reaction indicate in RBC inclusion?

A

Presence of DNA (Histochemical stain reaction for DNA)

Howell-Jolly bodies

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19
Q

Location and appearance of Heinz bodies in RBCs

A

Eccentric, large, round, blue to purple materials along the inner RBC membrane

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20
Q

Composition of Heinz bodies

A

Denatured and precipitated hemoglobin

21
Q

Stains used to visualize Heinz bodies

A

Supravital stains (e.g., BCB, NMB, Methyl violet, Crystal violet)

22
Q

Why are Heinz bodies not visible on Wright stain?

A

They can dissolve during the staining process

23
Q

Conditions associated with Heinz bodies

A

G-6-PD deficiency, drug-induced hemolytic anemias (DIHA), unstable hemoglobin disease

24
Q

Examples of unstable hemoglobin variants associated with Heinz bodies

A

Hb Köln, Hb Casper/Southampton, Hb Genova, Hb Gun Hill, Hb M-Saskatoon, Hb Bristol, Hb Torino, Hb Seattle

25
Q

Favism: related condition and population susceptibility

A

Sensitivity to fava beans; occurs mainly in people of Mediterranean origin and in the Chinese with G-6-PD deficiency

26
Q

Result of favism in G-6-PD deficiency

A

Severe hemolytic episode

27
Q

Small, multiple, evenly distributed granular greenish-blue bodies in RBCs

A

Hb H inclusion bodies

28
Q

Composition of Hb H inclusion bodies

A

Precipitated Hb H (4 β-globin chains, denatured β-globin chains)

29
Q

Stains for visualizing Hb H inclusion bodies

A

Supravital stains (e.g., BCB, NMB)

30
Q

Appearance of RBCs with Hb H inclusion bodies

A

Pitted golf ball appearance

31
Q

Condition associated with Hb H inclusion bodies

A

Hb H Disease (a subtype of alpha thalassemia)

32
Q

Examples of protozoan parasites found in RBCs

A

Malaria, Babesia spp.

33
Q

Associated feature of malaria-infected RBCs

A

Schuffner’s dots (eosinophilic stippling)

34
Q

Stains used for protozoan parasites in RBCs

A

Wright stain, Giemsa stain

35
Q

Grades for polychromatophilia, helmet cells, dacryocytes, acanthocytes, schistocytes, and spherocytes

A

1+ = 1 to 5 per field, 2+ = 6 to 10 per field, 3+ = greater than 10 per field

36
Q

Grades for poikilocytosis, ovalocytes, elliptocytes, burr cells, bizarre-shaped RBCs, target cells, and stomatocytes

A

1+ = 3 to 10 per field, 2+ = 11 to 20 per field, 3+ = greater than 20 per field

37
Q

Another name for rouleaux

A

Pseudoagglutination

38
Q

Appearance of rouleaux under the microscope

A

Stacks of coins

39
Q

Cause of rouleaux formation

A

Serum protein abnormality (increased globulin or fibrinogen)

40
Q

Condition where rouleaux is commonly observed

A

Multiple Myeloma (Plasma cell myeloma)

41
Q

Why should the thick part of the blood film be avoided for rouleaux observation?

A

Red blood cells overlap in the thick part, causing misinterpretation

42
Q

Grades for rouleaux formation

A

1+ = aggregates of 3 to 4 RBCs, 2+ = aggregates of 5 to 10 RBCs, 3+ = many aggregates with few free RBCs

43
Q

Effect of heavier cells on ESR

A

Faster fall in ESR

44
Q

How should sickle cells, basophilic stippling, Pappenheimer bodies, and Howell-Jolly bodies be graded?

A

Positive only

45
Q

Normal appearance or slight variation in erythrocytes: erythrocyte morphology grading

A

0

46
Q

Few abnormal erythrocytes: erythrocyte morphology grading

A

1+

47
Q

Moderately increased abnormal erythrocytes: erythrocyte morphology grading

A

2+

48
Q

Many abnormal erythrocytes in each microscopic field: erythrocyte morphology grading

A

3+

49
Q

Marked increase in abnormal erythrocytes throughout each microscopic field: erythrocyte morphology grading

A

4+

HEMATOLOGY 1 (27 decks)

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