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HEMATOLOGY 1 > Poikilocytes > Flashcards

Poikilocytes Flashcards

1
Q

Increased number of red cells with variation in shape

A

Poikilocytosis

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2
Q

RBCs almost spherical, lacking central pallor, associated with hereditary spherocytosis, autoimmune hemolytic anemia, burns, ABO HDN, and transfusion of stored blood

A

Spherocytes

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3
Q

Key area to avoid misidentifying spherocytes in a blood film

A

Feathered edge of the blood film

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4
Q

Condition causing natural RBC death, leading to spherocytic red cells

A

Normal RBC death

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5
Q

RBCs elongated with a slit-like central pallor, also known as mouth cells

A

Stomatocytes

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6
Q

Poikilocyte seen in:
Rh deficiency syndrome
alcoholism
electrolyte imbalance
severe liver diseases

A

Stomatocytes

Also in overhydrated hereditary/dehydrated hereditary stomatocytosis

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7
Q

Most common form of stomatocytosis, characterized by the presence of xerocytes

A

Dehydrated hereditary stomatocytosis (Hereditary xerocytosis)

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8
Q

Dehydrated form of stomatocyte, appears half-light and half-dark

A

Xerocyte

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9
Q

RBCs with irregularly spiculated surface, also known as thorn cells or spur cells

A

Acanthocytes

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10
Q

Condition characterized by defective apo B synthesis and absence of VLDL, LDL, and chylomicrons in plasma

A

Abetalipoproteinemia (Bassen Kornzweig syndrome or Hereditary acanthocytosis)

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11
Q

Poikilocytes seen in McLeod Syndrome, Pyruvate kinase deficiency, Hepatic hemangioma, Neonatal hepatitis, After heparin administration, Postsplenectomy, Cirrhosis of the liver with hemolytic anemia

A

Acanthocytes

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12
Q

Syndrome with cirrhosis-associated hemolytic anemia and normal platelets

A

TAR syndrome

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13
Q

RBCs with regularly spiculated surface

A

Burr cells

also known as echinocytes

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14
Q

Condition associated with Burr cells, characterized by increased plasma urea, acidemia, and electrolyte imbalance (K+ elevation)

A

Uremia

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15
Q

Key features of uremia

A

normocytic, normochromic anemia, uremic frost, generalized edema,foul breath,urine-like sweat

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16
Q

Enzyme deficiency also associated with Burr cells

A

Pyruvate kinase deficiency

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17
Q

Oval-shaped RBCs associated with hereditary ovalocytosis, especially in Southeast Asia

A

Ovalocytes

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18
Q

Elliptical (cigar-shaped) RBCs associated with hereditary elliptocytosis and other conditions like thalassemia

A

Elliptocytes

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19
Q

Conditions associated with ovalocytes

A

Hereditary ovalocytosis (Southeast Asian ovalocytosis)

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20
Q

Conditions associated with elliptocytes

A

Hereditary elliptocytosis,thalassemia,hereditary leptocytosis

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21
Q

Pear-shaped or teardrop-shaped RBCs, also known as tear drop cells

A

Dacryocytes

22
Q

Condition associated with dacryocytes, characterized by splenomegaly, marrow hypercellularity, increased megakaryocytes, and fibrosis

A

Primary Myelofibrosis (PMF)

23
Q

Poikilocytes associated with Megaloblastic anemia, myelophthisic anemia, drug-induced Heinz body formation, tuberculosis, tumor metastasis to bone marrow, thalassemia, some hemolytic anemias

A

Dacryocytes

24
Q

Type of neoplasm PMF is categorized under

A

Myeloproliferative neoplasm (MPN)

25
Q

Peripheral blood smear findings in PMF

A

Immature granulocytes,normoblasts,dacryocytes,and other bizarre RBC shapes

26
Q

Fragmented RBCs seen in conditions like MAHAs and artificial heart valves

A

Schistocytes

27
Q

Disorders classified as MAHAs characterized by RBC fragmentation and thrombocytopenia (e.g., TTP, HUS)

A

TTP,HELLP syndrome,HUS,DIC

28
Q

Condition associated with Escherichia coli O157:H7 infection, renal failure, thrombocytopenia, and schistocytes

A

Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome (HUS)

29
Q

Key feature of MAHAs causing RBC fragmentation

A

Narrowing or obstruction of small blood vessels by fibrin or platelet aggregates

30
Q

Specific type of schistocyte with a distinct shape, seen in MAHAs

Microangiopathic Anemia

A

Helmet cell

31
Q

Alternative names for DIC, characterized by generalized over-activation of coagulation and fibrinolytic systems

A

Defibrination syndrome,consumption coagulopathy

32
Q

Tests used to diagnose DIC

A

D-dimer test,PF 1+2 (Prothrombin fragment)

33
Q

Conditions associated with DIC (e.g., tissue trauma, obstetric complications) (TOMASA)

A

Tissue trauma,obstetric complications,mucus-secreting tumors,acute infections (e.g., malaria,Gram-negative septicemia),snake bites,acute promyelocytic leukemia

34
Q

RBCs that are sickle- or crescent-shaped, also known as sickle cell menisocytes

A

Drepanocytes

35
Q

Conditions associated with drepanocytes (e.g., sickle cell anemia, Hemoglobin SC disease)

A

Sickle cell anemia,Hemoglobin SC disease

36
Q

Two forms of drepanocytes

A

Irreversible sickle cell and oat-shaped cells

37
Q

Distinguishing oat-shaped cells from other forms of drepanocytes

A

Oat-shaped cells have long projections and return to the biconcave disk shape upon reoxygenation

38
Q

RBCs showing a centrally stained area with a thin outer rim of hemoglobin, also known as codocytes or leptocytes

A

Target cells

39
Q

Conditions associated with target cells, including liver disease and thalassemia

A

Liver disease,certain hemoglobinopathies,thalassemia (Hereditary leptocytosis,Mediterranean anemia),LCAT deficiency

40
Q

Key characteristic of codocytes, seen both in vivo and under electron microscopy

A

Increased cell membrane-to-volume ratio,appearing bell-shaped

41
Q

RBCs with a semicircular defect in their edge, resembling a bite mark, also known as degmatocytes

A

Bite cells

42
Q

Condition associated with bite cells

A

Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G-6-PD) deficiency

43
Q

RBCs that are folded, resembling a biscuit shape

A

Biscuit cells

44
Q

Condition associated with biscuit cells

A

Hemoglobin SC disease

45
Q

RBCs with bipolar or central distribution of hemoglobin, associated with sickle cell anemia

A

Bronze elliptocytes

46
Q

Large pale-pink staining ghost of a red cell, seen in malaria and other conditions causing overt hemolysis

A

Semilunar body

47
Q

Alternative names for target cells

A

Codocytes,leptocytes,bull’s eye cells,Mexican hat cells,Greek helmet cells,platycytes

48
Q

Alternative name for stomatocytes

A

Mouth cells

49
Q

Alternative name for helmet cells

A

Helmet-shaped schistocytes

50
Q

Alternative name for dacryocytes

A

Teardrop cells

51
Q

Alternative name for acanthocytes

A

Thorn cells,spur cells

52
Q

Alternative description for schistocytes

A

Fragmented RBCs

HEMATOLOGY 1 (27 decks)

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