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HIGH YIELD > Rapid Review - p. 652-661 > Flashcards

Rapid Review - p. 652-661 Flashcards

1
Q

Abdominal pain, ascites, hepatomegaly

A

Budd Chiari Syndrome - Hypercoagulable states (Polycythemia, Increased estrogen, HCC)

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2
Q

Achilles tendon xanthoma

A

Familial hypercholesterolemia (Decreased LDL receptor signaling)

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3
Q

Adrenal hemorrhage, Hypotension, DIC

A

Waterhouse-Freidrichsen Syndrome (meningococcemia)

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4
Q

Anaphylaxis following blood transfusion

A

IgA Deficiency

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5
Q

Upward lens dislocation

A

Marfan Syndrome

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6
Q

Athlete with polycythemia

A

He took EPO

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7
Q

Back pain, fever, night sweats

A

Pott’s Disease (Vertebral TB)

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8
Q

Bilateral acoustic schwannomas

A

NF2 - Chromosome 22 (Autosomal Dominant)

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9
Q

Bilateral hilar adenopathy, uveitis

A

Sarcoidosis (noncaseating granulomas)

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10
Q

Black eschar on face in diabetic

A

Mucor or Rhizopus fungal infection

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11
Q

Bluish line on gingiva

A

Lead (Burton line)

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12
Q

Bone pain, bone enlargement, arthritis

A

Paget disease (increased osteoblastic and osteoclastic activity)

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13
Q

Bounding pulses, wide pulse pressure, diastolic heart murmur, HEAD BOBBING

A

Aortic Regurgitation

Uvula pulsates, HUGE pulses everywhere.

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14
Q

Cafe au lait spots, Lisch nodules, cutaneous neurofibromas, PHEOCHROMOCYTOMAS, optic gliomas

A

NF1 - Chromosome 17 (Autosomal Dominant)

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15
Q

Unilateral cafe au last spots, Polyostic fibrous dysplasia, Precocious puberty, Multiple Endocrine abnormalities

A

McCune-Albright Syndrome (mosaic G-Protein mutation) pg. 53

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16
Q

Calf Pseudohypertrophy

A

DMD - X-Linked Recessive

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17
Q

Cervical lymphadenopathy, desquamating rash, coronary aneurysms, red conjunctivae and tongue, Hand-foot changes

A

Kawasaki - Treat with IVIG and High dose aspirin

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18
Q

Cherry Red-Spots on Macula

A

Tay Sachs - Ganglioside accumulation

Niemann Pick - Sphingomyelin accumulation

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19
Q

Chest pain, pericardial effusion/friction rub, persistent fever following MI

A

Dressler Syndrome - Autoimmune mediated post-MI fibrinous pericarditis. 2 weeks to several months after acute episode

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20
Q

Chorioretinitis, Hydrocephalus, Intracranial calcifications

A

Congenital toxoplasmosis

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21
Q

Chronic exercise intolerance with myalgia, fatigue, painful cramps, myoglobinuria

A

McArdle Disease (skeletal muscle glycogen phosphorylase deficiency)

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22
Q

Cold intolerance

A

Hypothyroidism

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23
Q

Conjugate horizontal gaze palsy, horizontal diplopia

A

INO - ipsilateral lesion to the eye that cannot adduct. Other eye will show nystagmus with attempted adduction.

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24
Q

Cutaneous/dermal edema due to connective tissue deposition

A

Myxedema (caused by hypothyroidism, Graves disease (pretibial) )

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25
Q

Cutaneous flushing, diarrhea, bronchospasm

A

Carcinoid syndrome (right sided cardiac valvular lesions, Increased 5-HIAA). Pellagra like symptoms

Most commonly in small intestine, only symptomatic if metastasizes and 5-HT is converted to 5-HIAA in the liver

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26
Q

Deep labored breathing/hyperventilation

A

Diabetic ketoacidosis (Kussmaul respiration)

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27
Q

Dilated cardiomyopathy, edema, alcoholism, or malnutrition

A

Wet beriberi (Thiamine B1 deficiency)

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28
Q

Dog or cate bite

A

Pasteurella multocida with cellulitis

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29
Q

Dry eyes, dry mouth, arthritis

A

Sjogren Syndrome

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30
Q

Dysphagia (esophageal webs), glossitis, iron deficiency

A

Plummer Vinson Syndrome (may progress to esophageal squamous cell carcinoma)

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31
Q

Enlarged, hard left supraclavicular node

A

Virchow node (abdominal metastasis - Signet ring cells)

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32
Q

Episodic vertigo, tinnitus, hearing loss

A

Meniere disease

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33
Q

Erythroderma, lymphadenopathy, hepatosplenomegaly, atypical T-Cells

A 
Mycosis Fungoides (cutaneous T Cell lymphoma) 
or Sezary Syndrome (mycosis fungoides + malignant T Cells in the blood)
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34
Q

Facial muscle spasm upon tapping

A

Chvostek sign (hypocalcemia)

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35
Q

Fever, chills, headache, myalgia following antibiotic treatment for syphillis

A

Jarisch-Herxheimer reaction (rapid lysis of spirochetes results in endotoxin like release)

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36
Q

Fever, cough, conjunctivitis, coryza, diffuse rash

A

Measles

Coryza - stuffy nose

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37
Q

Fever, night sweats, weight loss

A

B symptoms of lymphoma

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38
Q

Fibrous plaques in soft tissue of penis with abnormal curvature

A

Peyronie disease (CT disorder)

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39
Q

Golden brown rings around peripheral cornea

A

Wilson Disease (Kayser-Fleischer rings due to copper accumulation)

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40
Q

Gout, intellectual disability, self-mutilation

A

Lesch-Nyhan syndrome (HGPRT deficiency, X-Linked Recessive)

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41
Q

Hamartomous GI polyps, hyperpigmentation of mouth/feet/hands/genitalia

A

Peutz-Jegher syndrome (inherited benign polyposis can cause bowel obstruction) Increased GI cancer risk

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42
Q

Hepatosplenomegaly, pancytopenia, osteoporosis, aseptic necrosis of femoral head, bone crises

A

Gaucher disease (Glucocerebrosidase deficiency)

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43
Q

Hereditary nephritis, sensorineural hearing loss, cataracts

A

Alport syndrome (mutation in collagen IV)

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44
Q

Hyperphagia, Hypersexuality, Hyperorality, Hyperdocility

A

Kluver-Bucy syndrome (Bilateral amygdala lesion)

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45
Q

Hyperreflexia, Hypertonia, Babinski sign present

A

UMN damage

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46
Q

Hyporeflexia, Hypotonia, ATROPHY, Fasciculations

A

LMN damage

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47
Q

Hypoxemia, Polycythemia, Hypercapnia

A

Chronic bronchitis (Hyperplasia of mucous cells, “Blue bloater”)

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48
Q

Indurated, ulcerated genital lesion

A

Nonpainful: Chancre (Primary syphilis - Treponema pallidum)

Painful with exudate: Chancroid (Haemophilis ducreyi)

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49
Q

Infant with cleft lip/palate, microcephaly, or holoprosencephaly, polydactyly, cutis aplasia

A

Patau Syndrome (Trisomy 13)

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50
Q

Infant with hypoglycemia, Hepatomegaly

A 
Cori disease (Debranching enzyme deficiency)
OR Von Gierke (Glucose-6 phosphatase deficiency)
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51
Q

Infant with microcephaly, rocker-bottom feet, clenched hands, and structural heart defect

A

Edward’s Syndrome (Trisomy 18)

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52
Q

Jaundice, Palpable distended NON-TENDER gallbladder

A

Courvoisier sign (Distal malignant obstruction of biliary tree)

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53
Q

Lucid interval after traumatic brain injury

A

Epidural hematoma

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54
Q

Male child, recurrent infections, no mature B Cells, no tonsils

A

Bruton disease (X-linked agammaglobulinemia)

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55
Q

Mucosal bleeding and prolonged bleeding time

A

Glanzmann thrombasthenia (Defect in platelet aggregation due to lack of GPIIb/IIIa)

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56
Q

Muffled heart sounds, JVD, Hypotension

A

Cardiac tamponade

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57
Q

Multiple colon polyps, osteomas/soft tissue tumors, impacted supernumerary teeth

A

Gardner Syndrome (subtype of FAP)

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58
Q

Myopathy (infantile hypertrophic cardiomyopathy), Exercise intolerance

A

Pompe disease (lysosomal a-1,4-Glucosidase Deficiency)

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59
Q

Neonate with arm paralysis following difficult birth

A

Erb-Duchenne palsy (superior trunk C5-C6)

Waiters tip

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60
Q

No lactation postpartum, absent menstruation, cold intolerance

A

Sheehan syndrome (pituitary infarction)

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61
Q

Painful blue fingers/toes, Hemolytic anemia

A

Cold agglutinin disease (autoimmune hemolytic anemia cause by Mycoplasma pneumonia, infectious mononucleosis, CLL)

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62
Q

Painful, raised red lesions on pads of fingers/toes

A

Osler nodes (infective endocarditis, immune complex deposition)

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63
Q

Painless erythematous lesions on palms and soles

A

Janeway lesions (infective endocarditis, septic emboli/microabscesses)

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64
Q

Painless jaundice

A

Cancer of the pancreatic head obstructing bile duct

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65
Q

Palpable purpura on buttocks/legs, joint pain, abdominal pain (child), hematuria

A

Henoch-Schonlein purpura (IgA vasculitis affecting the skin and kidneys)

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66
Q

Pancreatic, pituitary, parathyroid tumors

A

MEN 1 (autosomal dominant)

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67
Q

Periorbital and/or peripheral edema, proteinuria (>3.5 g/day), Hypoalbuminemia, Hypercholesterolemia

A

Nephrotic syndrome

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68
Q

Pink complexion, dyspnea, hyperventilation

A

Emphysema (Centriacinar)

OR a1-antitrypsin deficiency (Panacinar)

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69
Q

Polyuria, renal tubular acidosis type II, growth failure, electrolyte imbalances, hypophosphatemic rickets

A

Fanconi syndrome (multiple combined dysfunction of the proximal convoluted tubule)

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70
Q

Pruritic, purple, polygonal planar papules and plaques (6 P’s)

A

Lichen planus

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71
Q

Rash on palms and soles

A

Coxsackie A
Secondary Syphilis
Rocky Mountain spotted fever

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72
Q

Recurrent cold (non-inflamed) abscesses, unusual eczema, high serum IgE

A

Hyper-IgE syndrome (Job syndrome: neutrophil chemotaxis abnormality)

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73
Q

Red “currant jelly” stools

A

Acute mesenteric ischemia (adults)

Intussusception (children)

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74
Q

Red, itchy, swollen rash of nipple/areola

A

Paget disease of the breast (sign of underlying neoplasm)

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75
Q

Renal cell carcinoma (bilateral), hemangioblastomas, angiomatosis, pheochromocytoma

A

von Hippel-Lindau disease (dominant tumor suppressor gene mutation)

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76
Q

Retinal hemorrhages with pale centers

A

Roth spots (bacterial endocarditis)

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77
Q

Severe jaundice in neonate

A

Crigle-Najjar syndrome (congenital unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia)

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78
Q

Severe RLQ pain with palpation of LLQ

A

Roving sign (acute appendicitis)

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79
Q

Severe RLQ pain with deep tenderness

A

McBurney sign (acute appendicitis)

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80
Q

Short stature, café au last spots, thumb/radial defects, increase incidence of tumors/leukemia, aplastic anemia

A

Fanconi anemia (genetic loss of DNA crosslink repair; often progresses to AML)

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81
Q

Skin hyperpigmentation, hypotension, fatigue

A

Addisons - primary adrenocortical insufficiency

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82
Q

Slow, progressive muscle weakness in boys

A

Becker muscular dystrophy (X-linked missense mutation in dystrophin; less severe than Duchenne)

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83
Q

Small, irregular red spots on buccal/lingual mucosa with blue-white centers

A

Kopek spots (measles - Rubeola virus)

84
Q

Smooth, moist, painless, wart-like white lesions on genitals

A

Condylomata lata (Secondary syphilis)

85
Q

Splinter hemorrhages on fingernails

A

Bacterial endocarditis

86
Q

Streak ovaries, congenital heart disease, horseshoe kidney, cystic hygroma at birth, short stature, webbed neck, lymphedema

A

Turner Syndrome (45, XO)

87
Q

Sudden swollen/painful big tow joint, tophi

A

Gout/podagra (hyperuricemia)

88
Q

Swollen gums, mucosal bleeding, poor wound healing, petechiae

A

Scurvy (Vitamin C deficiency: can’t hydroxylate proline/lysine for collagen synthesis)

89
Q

Swollen, hard, painful finger joints

A

Osteoarthritis
Bouchards nodes - osteophytes on PIP
Heberden nodes - DIP

90
Q

Systolic ejection murmur (Crescendo-Decrescendo)

A

Aortic stenosis

91
Q

Telangiectasias, recurrent epistaxis, skin discoloration, arteriovenous malformation, GI bleeding, hematuria

A

Osler-Weber Rendu syndrome (Hereditary Hemorrhagic Telangiectasia)

92
Q

Thyroid and Parathyroid tumors, Pheochromocytoma

A

MEN2A (autosomal dominant RET mutation)

93
Q

Thyroid tumors, Pheochromocytoma, Ganglioneuromatosis

A

MEN2B (autosomal dominant RET mutation)

94
Q

Unilateral facial drooping involving the forehead

A

LMN (CN VII) palsy

UMN leasions spare the foreheads

95
Q

Urethritis, Conjunctivitis, Arthritis in a male

A

Reactive arthritis associated with HLA-B27

96
Q

Vascular birthmark (port-wine) stain of the face

A

Nevus flammeus (benign but associated with Sturge-Weber syndrome)

97
Q

Vomiting blood following vertical gastroesophageal lacerations

A

Mallory-Weiss syndrome (alcoholic and bulimic patients)

98
Q

Weight loss, diarrhea, arthritis, fever, adenopathy

A

Whipple disease (tropheryma whipplei)

99
Q

Increased AFP in amniotic fluid/maternal serum

A

Dating error, anencephaly, spina bifida (open neural tube defects)

100
Q

Anticentromere antibodies

A

Scleroderma (CREST)

101
Q

Anti-desmoglein antibodies

A

Pemphigus vulgaris (blistering)

102
Q

Anti-glomerular basement membrane antibodies

A

Goodpasture syndrome (glomerulonephritis and hemoptysis)

103
Q

Antihistone antibodies

A

Drug-induced SLE (e.g.: Hydralazine, Isoniazid, Phenytoin, Procainamide)

104
Q

Anti-IgG antibodies

A

Rheumatoid arthritis (systemic inflammation, joint pannus, boutonnière deformity)

105
Q

Antimitochondrial antibodies (AMAs)

A

Primary biliary cirrhosis (female, cholestasis, portal hypertension)

106
Q

Antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (ANCAs)

A

pANCA, MPO-ANCA: Microscopic polyangitis and eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangitis

c-ANCA, PR3-ANCA: Granulomatosis with Polyangitis (Wegener’s, GPA)

p-ANCA, MPO-ANCA: Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis

107
Q

Antinuclear antibodies (ANAs, anti-Smith and anti-dsDNA

A

SLE (Type III Hypersensitivity)

108
Q

Antiplatelet antibodies

A

Idiopathic thrombocytopenia purpura

109
Q

Anti-topoisomerase antibodies

A

Diffuse systemic scleroderma

110
Q

Anti-transglutaminase, Anti-gliadin, Anti-endomysial antibodies

A

Celiac disease (Diarrhea, weight loss)

111
Q

“Apple core” lesion on barium enema x-ray

A

Colorectal cancer (usually left-sided)

112
Q

Atypical lymphocytes

113
Q

Azurophilic peroxidase (+) granular inclusions in granulocytes and myeloblasts

A

Auer rods (AML, especially the promyelocyte M3 type)

114
Q

Bacitracin response

A

Sensitive: S. pyogenes (Group A)
Resistant: S. agalactiae (Group B)

115
Q

Bamboo spine on x-ray

A

Ankylosing spondylitis (chronic inflammatory arthritis: HLA-B27)

116
Q

Basophilic nuclear remnants in RBCs

A

Howell-Jolly bodies (due to splotchy or nonfunctional spleen)

117
Q

Basophilic stippling of RBCs

A

Lead poisoning or sideroblastic anemia

118
Q

Bloody or Yellow tap on lumbar puncture

A

Subarachnoid hemorrhage

119
Q

“Boot shaped” heart on x-ray

A

Tetralogy of Fallot (due to RVH)

120
Q

Branching gram (+) rods with sulfur granules

A

Actinomyces israelli

121
Q

Bronchogenic apical lung tumor on imaging

A

Pancoast tumor (can compress cervical sympathetic chain and cause Horner syndrome)

122
Q

“Brown” tumor of the bone

A

Hyperparathyroidism or osteitis fibrosa cystica (deposited hemosiderin from hemorrhage gives brown color)

123
Q

Cardiomegaly with apical atrophy

A

Chagas disease (Trypanosoma cruzi)

124
Q

Cellular crescents in Bowman capsule

A

Rapidly progressive crescenteric glomerulonephritis

125
Q

“Chocolate cyst” of the ovary

A

Endometriosis (frequently involves both ovaries)

126
Q

Circular grouping of dark tumor cells surrounding pal neurofibrils

A

Homer-Wright rosettes (neuroblastoma, medulloblastoma)

127
Q

Colonies of mucoid Pseudomonas in lungs

A

Cystic fibrosis (autosomal recessive mutation in CFTR gene –> Fat soluble vitamin deficiency and mucous plugs

128
Q

Decreased AFP in amniotic fluid/maternal serum

A

Down syndrome and other chromosomal abnormalities

129
Q

Degeneration of dorsal column fibers

A

Tabes dorsalis (Tertiary syphilis), Subacute combined degeneration (Dorsal columns, Lateral corticospinal, and Spinocerebellar tracts affected)

130
Q

Delta Wave on EKG, Short PR interval, Supraventricular tachycardia

A

Wolff-Parkinson-White Syndrome (Bundle of Kent bypasses AV node)

131
Q

Depigmentation of neurons in substantial nigra

A

Parkinson disease (basal ganglia disorder: rigidity, resting tremor, bradykinesia)

132
Q

Desquamated epithelium casts in sputum

A

Curschmann spirals (Bronchial asthma: can result in whorled mucous plugs)

133
Q

Disarrayed granuloma cells arranged around collections of eosinophilic fluid

A

Call-Exner bodies (granules cell tumor of the ovary)

134
Q

Dysplastic squamous cervical cells with “raisinoid” nuclei and hyperchromasia

A

Koilocytes (HPV: Predisposes to cervical cancer)

135
Q

Electrical alternans (alternating amplitude on ECG)

A

Pericardial tamponade

136
Q

Enlarged cells with intranuclear inclusion bodies

A

“Owl eye” appearance of CMV

137
Q

Enlarged thyroid cells with ground glass nuclei with central clearing

A

“Orphan Annie” eyes nuclei (papillary carcinoma of the thyroid)

138
Q

Eosinophilic cytoplasmic inclusion in liver cell

A

Mallory body (Alcoholic liver disease)

139
Q

Eosinophilic cytoplasmic inclusion in neuron

A

Lewy body (Parkinson disease, Lewy body dementia)

140
Q

Eosinophilic globule in liver

A

Councilman body (Viral hepatitis, Yellow fever), represents hepatocyte undergoing apoptosis

141
Q

Eosinophilic inclusion bodies in cytoplasm of hippocampal and cerebellar neurons

A

Negri bodies of rabies

142
Q

Extracellular amyloid deposition in gray matter of brain

A

Senile plaques (Alzheimer disease)

143
Q

Giant B cells with bilobed nuclei with prominent inclusions

A

Reed-Sternberg cells (Hodgkin lymphoma)

Owl’s eyes

144
Q

Glomerulus-like structure surrounding vessel in germ cells

A

Schiller-Duval bodies (yolk sac tumor)

145
Q

“Hair on end” “Crew cut” appearance on x-ray

A

Beta-Thalassemia

Sickle Cell Disease (marrow expansion)

146
Q

hCG elevated

A

Choriocarcinoma, Hydatidaform mole (occurs with and without embryo, and multiple pregnancy)

147
Q

Heart nodules (granulomatous)

A

Aschoff bodies (rheumatic fever)

148
Q

Heterophile antibodies

A

Infectious mononucleosis (EBV)

149
Q

Hexagonal, double pointed, needle-like crystals in bronchial secretions

A

Bronchial asthma (Charcot-Leyden crystals; eosinophilic granules)

150
Q

High level of D-Dimers

A

DVT, PE, DIC

151
Q

Hilar lymphadenopathy, peripheral granulomatous lesion in middle or lower lung lobes (can calcify)

A

Hon Complex - Primary TB

152
Q

Honeycomb lung on x-ray or CT

A

Interstitial pulmonary fibrosis

153
Q

Hypercoagulability (leading to migrating DVTs and vasculitis)

A

Trousseau syndrome (Adenocarcinoma or pancreas or lung)

154
Q

Hypersegmented neutrophils

A

Megaloblastic anemia
B12 - neuro symptoms
B9 - no neuro symptoms

155
Q

Hypertension, Hypokalema, Metabolic Alkalosis

A

Primary Hyperaldosteronism (Conn Syndrome)

156
Q

Intranuclear eosinophilic droplet-like bodies

A

Cowdry Type A bodies (HSV or VZV)

157
Q

Iron-containing nodules in alveolar septum

A

Ferruginous bodies (Asbestosis - increased chance of lung cancer)

158
Q

Keratin pearls on a skin biopsy

A

Squamous cell carcinoma

159
Q

Large granules in phagocytes, immunodeficiency

A

Chédiak-Higashi disease (congenital failure of phagolysosome formation)

160
Q

“Lead pipe” appearance of colon on abdominal imaging

A

Ulcerative colitis (loss of haustra)

161
Q

Linear appearance of IgG deposition on glomerular and alveolar basement membrane

A

Goodpasture syndrome

162
Q

Low serum ceruloplasmin

A

Wilson disease (Hepatolenticular degeneration)

163
Q

“Lumpy bumpy” appearance of glomeruli on immunofluorescence

A

Poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis (due to deposition of IgG, IgM, and C3)

Weeks later

164
Q

Lytic “Punched out” bone lesions on x-ray

A

Multiple myeloma

165
Q

Mammary gland (“blue domed”) cyst

A

Fibrocytic change of the breast

166
Q

Monoclonal antibody spike

A
  1. Multiple myeloma - usually IgG or IgA
  2. Monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS consequence of aging)
  3. Waldernstrom Macroglobulinemia
  4. Primary Amyloidosis
167
Q

Mucin-filled cell with peripheral nucleus

A

“Signet ring” (Gastric carcinoma)

May also present with Virchow’s node

168
Q

Narrowing of bowel lumen on barium x-ray

A

“String sign” (Crohn disease)

169
Q

Necrotizing vasculitis (lungs) and necrotizing glomerulonephritis

A

Granulomatosis with polyangitis (Wegeners, c-ANCA) AND Goodpasture syndrome (Anti-basement membrane antibodies)

170
Q

Needle-shaped (-) birefringent crystals

A

Gout (monosodium urate crystals)

171
Q

Nodular hyaline deposits in glomeruli

A

Kimmelstiel-Wilson nodules (diabetic nephropathy)

172
Q

Novobiocin response

A

Sensitive: S. epidermidis
Resistant: S. saprophyticus

173
Q

“Nutmeg” appearance of liver

A

Chronic passive congestion of liver due to right heart failure or Budd-Chiari syndrome

174
Q

“Onion-skin” periosteal reaction

A

Ewing sarcoma (malignant small blue cell tumor)

175
Q

Optochin sensitivity

A

Sensitive: S. pneumo
Resistant: S. viridans

176
Q

Protein aggregates in neurons from hyperphosphorylation of tau protein

A

Neurofibrillary tangles (Alzheimer disease) and Pick bodies (Pick disease)

177
Q

Psammomma bodies

A

Meningiomas
Papillary thyroid carcinoma
Mesothelioma
Papillary serous carcinoma of the endometrium and ovary

178
Q

Pseudopalisading tumor cells on a brain biopsy

A

Glioblastoma multiforme

179
Q

Raised periosteum (creating a “Codman triangle”)

A

Aggressive bone lesion: Osteosarcoma, Ewing sarcoma, Osteomyelitis

180
Q

RBC cases in urine

A

Glomerulonephritis

181
Q

Rectangular, crystal-like, cytoplasmic inclusions in Leydig cells

A

Reinke crystals (Leydig cell tumor)

182
Q

Recurrent infections, Eczema, Thrombocytosis

A

Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome

(WATER) p.113

183
Q

Renal epithelial cell casts in urine

A

Intrinsic renal failure (e.g.. ischemia or toxic injury)

184
Q

Rhomboid crystals, (+) birefringent

A

Pseudogout (calcium pyrophosphate dihydrate crystals)

185
Q

Ring enhancing brain lesion on CT/MRI in AIDS

A

Toxoplasmosis gondii,CNS lymphoma

186
Q

Sheets of medium-sized lymphoid cells with scattered pal, tangible body-laden macrophages

A

Burkitt lymphoma - starry sky
t(8:14)
C-myc activation
Associated with EBV

187
Q

Silver staining spherical aggregation of tau proteins in neurons

A

Pick bodies (Pick disease: progressive dementia, changes in personality)

188
Q

“Soap bubble” in femur or tibia on x-ray

A

Giant cell tumor of bone (generally benign)

189
Q

“Spikes” on basement membrane, “Dome-like” subepithelial deposits

A

Membranous nephropathy (nephrotic syndrome)

190
Q

Stacks of RBCs

A

Rouleaux formation (high ESR, multiple myeloma)

191
Q

“Steeple” sign on frontal CXR

A

Croup (Parainfluenza virus)

192
Q

Bacteria-covered vaginal epithelial cells

A

“Clue cells” (Gardnerella vaginalis)

193
Q

“Tennis racket” shaped cytoplasmic organelles (EM) in Langerhans cells

A

Birbeck granules (Langerhans cell histiocytosis)

194
Q

Thousands of polyps on colonoscopy

A

Familial adenomatous polyposis

Autosomal dominant mutation of APC gene

195
Q

Thrombi made of white/red layers

A

Lines of Zahn (arterial thrombus, layers of platelets/RBCs)

196
Q

“Thumb sign” on lateral neck x-ray

A

Epiglottitis (H flu)

197
Q

Thyroid-like appearance of kidney

A

Chronic pyelonephritis

198
Q

“Tram track” appearance of capillary loops of glomerular basement membranes on light microscopy

A

Membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis

199
Q

Triglyceride accumulation in liver cell vacuoles

A

Fatty liver disease (alcoholic or metabolic syndrome)

200
Q

Increase in uric acid levels

A

Gout
Lesch-Nyhan syndrome
Tumor lysis syndrome
Loop and Thiazide diuretics

201
Q

“Waxy” casts with very low urine flow

A

Chronic end-stage renal disease

202
Q

WBC casts in urine

A

Acute pyelonephritis

203
Q

WBCs that look “smudged”

A

CLL - almost always B Cell

204
Q

“Wire loop”glomerular capillary appearance on light microscopy

A

Diffuse proliferative glomerulonephritis (usually seen with lupus)

205
Q

Yellowish CSF

A

Xanthochromia - subarachnoid hemorrhage

HIGH YIELD (21 decks)

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