Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

HIGH YIELD > Biochemistry Pearls > Flashcards

Biochemistry Pearls Flashcards

1
Q

Tizanidine

A

Centrally acting alpha-2 agonist

Muscle relaxant

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Histones - Rich in which amino acids?

A

Lysine and Arginine

H1 = Linker histone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Amino acids necessary for purine synthesis?

A

Glycine
Aspartate
Glutamine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Leflunomide MOA?

A

Inhibits Dihydroorotate Dehydrogenase

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Use of Pyrimethamine?

A

Inhibits protozoa Dihydrofolate Reudctase

Treat Toxoplasmosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Mycophenolate MOA?

A

Inhibit IMP Dehydrogenase

Same as RIBAVIRIN (Hep C drug)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Only Amino Acids with one Codon?

A

Methionine (AUG) and Tryptophan (UGG)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Irinotecan/Topotecan MOA?

A

Inhibit Topoisomerase I

SS nicks

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Etoposide/Tenopiside MOA?

A

Inhibit Topoisomerase II
(DNA Gyrase)
DS breaks

Podophyllin - Topo II inhibitor for genital warts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Fluoroquinolones MOA?

A

Inhibit prokaryotic Topoisomerase II (DNA Gyrase) and Topoisomerase IV

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

DNA Pol III

A

3’ to 5’ Exonuclease activity

Elongates leading strand

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

DNA Pol I

A

3’ to 5’ Exonuclease - same functions as DNA Pol I

5’ to 3’ Exonuclease activity
Removes RNA primers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Telomere sequence?

A

TTAGG

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

DNA Pol - Gamma?

A

Eukaryotes only

Mitochondrial DNA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Transition

A

Purine to Purine or Pyrimidine to Pyrimidine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Transversion

A

Purine to Pyrimidine or vis-versa

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Sickle Cell Disease mutation?

A

Missense
Glutamic Acid to Valine
Promotes hydrophobic interactions between Hgb’s which lead to cell sickling

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Frameshift Mutation diseases

A

Duchenne

Tay Sachs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Splice Site Mutation diseases

A

Dementia
Epilepsy
Beta-Thalassemia - point mutation in splice site and promoter. Decreased Beta-Globing synthesis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Base Excision Repair order?

A

GEL Please:
Glycosylase
Endonuclease
Lyase

Polymerase
Ligase

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Mismatch repair in cell cycle?

A

G2 - occurs AFTER DNA synthesis

Defective in Lynch Syndrome (HPNCC) - microsatellite instability

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

NEHJ Diseases?

A

Ataxia telangiectasia
BRCA1
Fanconi Anemia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Bacterial stimulant for neutrophil chemotaxis?

A

fMet

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Alpha-Amanitin

A

Inhibits RNA Pol II

Severe hepatotoxicity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Actinomycin D
Chemotherapy | Inhibits RNA Polymerase in prokaryotes and eukaryotes
26
RNA Pol III
Makes tRNA
27
RNA Pol II
Makes mRNA
28
RNA Pol I
Makes rRNA - most abundant
29
P-Bodies
mRNA quality control - contain lots of enzymes to "fix" or inhibit mRNA
30
Anti-Smith and Anti-U1RNA
Inhibit process of splicing Anti-Smith = SLE Anti-U1 RNP = MCTD
31
CCA
Acceptor stem for amino acids on tRNA
32
D-Arm of tRNA
Detects aminoacyl-tRNA Synthetase
33
T-Arm of tRNA
Tethers to ribosome
34
ATP function with tRNA?
ATP = tRNA Activation (charging)
35
GTP function with tRNA?
GTP = tRNA "Gripping" (translocation)
36
Stable Cells (Quiescent)
Hepatocytes, Lymphocytes, Fibrobalsts
37
Defects in ubiquitin-proteasome cause what disease?
Parkinsons | Alpha-Synuclein
38
Accumulation of proteins in cytosol?
Defective SRP | No trafficking back to RER
39
Vimentin type of filament?
Intermediate filament Sarcoma, Endometrial carcinoma, Renal Cell carcinoma, Meningioma
40
GFAP in which tumors?
Intermediate filament Astrocytoma, Glioblastoma
41
Skin, Dentin, Fascia, Cornea | What type of collagen?
Type I Also: Bone, Tendon, Late wound repair (healed scars)
42
Vitreous Body, Nucleus Pulposus | What type of collagen?
Type II Also: CarTWOlage
43
Uterus, Fetal tissue, Granulation tissue | What type of collagen?
Type III Also: Blood Vessels (3 = ED)
44
Basal lamina, Lens | What type of collagen?
Type IV Also: Basement Membrane
45
Amino acid in collagen?
Glycine - comprises 1/3 of collagen
46
Collagen synthesis big steps?
Proline and Lysine Gydroxylation in RER | Cross-linking by Lysol Oxidase in extracellular space
47
PCR used for?
Neonatal HIV | Herpes Encephalitis
48
What do microarrays look for?
cDNA levels - gene expression levels
49
Variable expressivity?
Varying disease severity
50
Pleiotropy?
One gene contributing to multiple phenotypic effects EX: PKU - Albinism, Musty odor, many different kinds of symptoms
51
Mosaicism
McCune Albright | Sturge-Weber
52
Locus Heterogeneity
Mutations at different loci produce similar phenotype EX: Albinism, Retinitis Pigmentosa
53
Allelic Heterogeneity
Different mutations, but at the same locus, produce the same disease EX: Beta Thalassemia, Cystic Fibrosis
54
Heteroplasmy
Mitochondral DNA
55
Decreased PAPP-A, Decreased Estriol | Increased Beta-hCG, Increased Inhibin A
Down Syndrome Also: Alpha-FP DOWN
56
Decreased Beta-hCG, Decreased Estriol | Decreased Alpha-FP, Decreased Inhibin A
Edwards Syndrome
57
Decreased Beta-hCG, Decreased PAPP-A
Patau Syndrome
58
Williams Syndrome Cardiac abnormality
Supravalvular Aortic Stenosis | Stenotic vessels in general, Hypercalcemia
59
Mechanism of Steatosis
Increased NADH to NAD+ ratio causes Dihrydroxyacetone phosphate to be converted to Glycerol-3P Decreased Beta-Oxidation Increased FA Synthesis
60
Consequences of Increased NADH/NAD ratio
Pyruvate to Lactate (Lactic Acidosis) Oxaloacetate to Malate (Prevents Gluconeogenesis --> Hypoglycemia) Dihydroxyacetone to Glycerol 3-P (Triglycerides)
61
Abetalipoproteinemia
Acanthocytes + Burr Cells Deficiency in ApoB48 or ApoB100 Can't get fat out of enterocytes Spinocerebellar Degeneration TX: Large doses of oral Vitamin E

HIGH YIELD (21 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions