random tings for GI Flashcards
coffee bean on XR
Bowel intussusception
post-hepatic cause of jaundice
Choledocholithiasis
what does Degenerative loss of ganglia from Auerbach’s plexus describe
Achalasia
45-year old woman presents with dysphagia. She is unable to swallow solids or liquids and sometimes regurgitates her food. She also experiences heartburn.
achalasia
treatment for primary biliary Cholangitis
Ursodeoxycholic acid
positive Murphy’s sign
Acute Cholecytitis
mechanism of cirrhosis?
Hepatic stellate cells found in the space of Disse are activated and transformed into myofibroblasts under the influence of cytokines. These activated cells synthesise collagen leading to fibrosis
Pathophysiology of primary sclerosing cholangitis
Autoimmune destruction of intra- and extra-hepatic bile ducts resulting in fibrosis
What is the pattern of inheritance shown by alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency?
autosomal recessive
most common cause of acute appendicitis?
Faecolith obstruction
Charcot triad - fever, RUQ pain, jaundice
ascending cholangitis
haemorrhoids
Painless bright red rectal bleeding
+ve AMA (anti-mitochondrial antibodies)
Primary Biliary Cholangitis
The lump is in the groin and reappears after reduction
direct inguinal hernia
primary sclerosing cholangitis LFT
Cholestatic - ALP > ALT/AST, ↑ GGT and bilirubin
Blood tests reveal low serum vitamin B12 and folate.
IBS
treatment for Severe haematemesis of unknown cause in a patient with a heart rate of 120bpm and blood pressure of 90/60 mmHg
Fluid resuscitation
treatment for Actively bleeding peptic ulcer identified on endoscopy
Heater probe coagulation +
adrenaline injection
treatment for Uncontrollable oesophageal variceal bleeding in a patient with known
liver cirrhosis
Transjugular intrahepatic
portosystemic shunt (TIPS)
Painless jaundice =
cancer (colorectal)
main acute liver disease cause =
DRUGS
what is mouth cancer most likely
squamous cell carcinoma (90%) of the mucosa of the mouth
what do parietal cells secrete
HCl
what do G cells secrete
gastrin
nerve supply to the rectum
S4, inferior rectal nerve
HBsAg –
had previous infection, acute or chronic
HBeAg –
highly infectious
IgM antiHBc –
acute infection
IgG antiHBc –
chronic infection
investigation and treatment for achalasia
barium swallow
hellers cardiomyotomy or balloon dilatation
Treatment of oesophageal varices and acute presentation!
resuscitation (correct clotting abnormalities), IV terlipressin,
banding, sengstaken blakermore tube
Prophylaxis – Bblockers, EGD and banding, TIPSS
what is barrettes oesophagus
precancerous
treatment of acites
spironolactone
Wilsons disease
excess copper, kayser-fleischer rings
main blood thing for pancreatitis
very raised amylase 3x
adrenal gland is
suprarenal (above renal)
what do chief cells secrete
pepsinogen
what do parietal cells secrete
gastric acid which stimulates the production of HCl
what is Zollinger Ellison syndrome –
gastrin secreting tumour – overproduction of gastric
acid – recurrent peptic ulcers
what do you not use antibiotics for
gastroenteritis
complication of IBD
toxic megacolon
Pelvic floor muscle that is important in urination and defecation
levator ani muscle – it must relax
where does the coeliac trunk arise
T12 and trifurcates into splenic artery (pancreatic branches), hepatic artery (gastroduodenal and pancreaticoduodenal) and left gastric artery (gastric and oesophageal)
vena cava has 8 letter meaning
it passes through the diaphragm at T8
oesophagus had 10 letters meaning
it passes through thee diaphragm at T10
Lowest part of peritoneal cavity when supine
hepatorenal recess/ morrisons pouch
Area between rectum and uterus in females –
rectouterine pouch – pouch of douglas
Area between rectum and bladder in males –
rectovesical pouch
Muscle of the cheek that moves food during mastication –
buccinator
Anti-transglutaminase antibody
coeliac disease
Ulcerative colitis, PSC antibodies
perinuclear-ANCA (pANCA)
ovarian cancer
Ca-125
severe epigastric pain radiating to the back associated with vomiting
acute pancreatitis
