random tings for GI

Question 1

coffee bean on XR

Answer 1

Bowel intussusception

Question 2

post-hepatic cause of jaundice

Answer 2

Choledocholithiasis

Question 3

what does Degenerative loss of ganglia from Auerbach’s plexus describe

Answer 3

Achalasia

Question 4

45-year old woman presents with dysphagia. She is unable to swallow solids or liquids and sometimes regurgitates her food. She also experiences heartburn.

Answer 4

achalasia

Question 5

treatment for primary biliary Cholangitis

Answer 5

Ursodeoxycholic acid

Question 6

positive Murphy’s sign

Answer 6

Acute Cholecytitis

Question 7

mechanism of cirrhosis?

Answer 7

Hepatic stellate cells found in the space of Disse are activated and transformed into myofibroblasts under the influence of cytokines. These activated cells synthesise collagen leading to fibrosis

Question 8

Pathophysiology of primary sclerosing cholangitis

Answer 8

Autoimmune destruction of intra- and extra-hepatic bile ducts resulting in fibrosis

Question 9

What is the pattern of inheritance shown by alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency?

Answer 9

autosomal recessive

Question 10

most common cause of acute appendicitis?

Answer 10

Faecolith obstruction

Question 11

Charcot triad - fever, RUQ pain, jaundice

Answer 11

ascending cholangitis

Question 12

haemorrhoids

Answer 12

Painless bright red rectal bleeding

Question 13

+ve AMA (anti-mitochondrial antibodies)

Answer 13

Primary Biliary Cholangitis

Question 14

The lump is in the groin and reappears after reduction

Answer 14

direct inguinal hernia

Question 15

primary sclerosing cholangitis LFT

Answer 15

Cholestatic - ALP > ALT/AST, ↑ GGT and bilirubin

Question 16

Blood tests reveal low serum vitamin B12 and folate.

Answer 16

IBS

Question 17

treatment for Severe haematemesis of unknown cause in a patient with a heart rate of 120bpm and blood pressure of 90/60 mmHg

Answer 17

Fluid resuscitation

Question 18

treatment for Actively bleeding peptic ulcer identified on endoscopy

Answer 18

Heater probe coagulation +
adrenaline injection

Question 19

treatment for Uncontrollable oesophageal variceal bleeding in a patient with known
liver cirrhosis

Answer 19

Transjugular intrahepatic
portosystemic shunt (TIPS)

Question 20

Painless jaundice =

Answer 20

cancer (colorectal)

Question 21

main acute liver disease cause =

Answer 21

DRUGS

Question 22

what is mouth cancer most likely

Answer 22

squamous cell carcinoma (90%) of the mucosa of the mouth

Question 23

what do parietal cells secrete

Answer 23

HCl

Question 24

what do G cells secrete

Answer 24

gastrin

Question 25

nerve supply to the rectum

Answer 25

S4, inferior rectal nerve

Question 26

HBsAg –

Answer 26

had previous infection, acute or chronic

Question 27

HBeAg –

Answer 27

highly infectious

Question 28

IgM antiHBc –

Answer 28

acute infection

Question 29

IgG antiHBc –

Answer 29

chronic infection

Question 30

investigation and treatment for achalasia

Answer 30

barium swallow hellers cardiomyotomy or balloon dilatation

Question 31

Treatment of oesophageal varices and acute presentation!

Answer 31

resuscitation (correct clotting abnormalities), IV terlipressin, banding, sengstaken blakermore tube Prophylaxis – Bblockers, EGD and banding, TIPSS

Question 32

what is barrettes oesophagus

Answer 32

precancerous

Question 33

treatment of acites

Answer 33

spironolactone

Question 34

Wilsons disease

Answer 34

excess copper, kayser-fleischer rings

Question 35

main blood thing for pancreatitis

Answer 35

very raised amylase 3x

Question 36

adrenal gland is

Answer 36

suprarenal (above renal)

Question 37

what do chief cells secrete

Answer 37

pepsinogen

Question 38

what do parietal cells secrete

Answer 38

gastric acid which stimulates the production of HCl

Question 39

what is Zollinger Ellison syndrome –

Answer 39

gastrin secreting tumour – overproduction of gastric acid – recurrent peptic ulcers

Question 40

what do you not use antibiotics for

Answer 40

gastroenteritis

Question 41

complication of IBD

Answer 41

toxic megacolon

Question 42

Pelvic floor muscle that is important in urination and defecation

Answer 42

levator ani muscle – it must relax

Question 43

where does the coeliac trunk arise

Answer 43

T12 and trifurcates into splenic artery (pancreatic branches), hepatic artery (gastroduodenal and pancreaticoduodenal) and left gastric artery (gastric and oesophageal)

Question 44

vena cava has 8 letter meaning

Answer 44

it passes through the diaphragm at T8

Question 45

oesophagus had 10 letters meaning

Answer 45

it passes through thee diaphragm at T10

Question 46

Lowest part of peritoneal cavity when supine

Answer 46

hepatorenal recess/ morrisons pouch

Question 47

Area between rectum and uterus in females –

Answer 47

rectouterine pouch – pouch of douglas

Question 48

Area between rectum and bladder in males –

Answer 48

rectovesical pouch

Question 49

Muscle of the cheek that moves food during mastication –

Answer 49

buccinator

Question 50

Anti-transglutaminase antibody

Answer 50

coeliac disease

Question 51

Ulcerative colitis, PSC antibodies

Answer 51

perinuclear-ANCA (pANCA)

Question 52

ovarian cancer

Answer 52

Ca-125

Question 53

severe epigastric pain radiating to the back associated with vomiting

Answer 53

acute pancreatitis