cardio buzzywords Flashcards
Patient has fever and pleuritic chest pain that is relieved by sitting up and leaning forward
pericarditis
irregularly irregular pulse
Afib
saw tooth baseline + 150 bpm
atrial flutter
raised JVP
right-sided heart failure
sense of impending doom
MI
saddle shaped ST elevation
pericarditis
broad complex tachycardia
ventricular problems
Mid-diastolic murmur with a tapping, undisplaced apex →
Mitral Stenosis
Broad QRS with slurred upstroke on R wave (delta wave) →
Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome
tall, tented T waves
hyperkalaemia
blurred yellowing vision headache
digoxin poisoning
Janeway Lesions/Osler’s Nodes →
Subacute bacterial endocarditis
Continuous Machine like Heart Murmur →
Patent Ductus Arteriosus
Rib Notching on CXR →
Coarctation of the aorta
Crescendo decrescendo murmur →
Aortic Stenosis
Diminished absent lower limb pulses →
Coarctation of the aorta
side effect of ACEI-
dry cough, Contraindicated in Renal artery stenosis
radial- radial delay –
aortic dissection(tear in wall of aorta)/coarctation of aorta
collapsing pulse –
aortic regurgitation
slow rising pulse –
aortic stenosis
Atrial myxoma
- a noncancerous tumour in the upper left or right side of the heart; most often grows on the wall that separates the two sides of the heart.
cardiac tamponade
collection of blood/fluid/pus/clots/gas around the heart/pericardial space that prevents contractions.
Medical emergency.
treatment of pericarditis
pain relief; NSAIDs
wide pulse pressure
aortic regurgitation, aortic dissection, complete heart block, thyrotoxicosis, persistent doctor arterioles
tetralogy of fallot
a congenital heart disease with these mainfeatures;
a large ventricular septal defect (this allows the pressures in the two ventricles to become equal),
overriding aorta,
right ventricular outflow obstruction (causes pulmonary stenosis) and
right ventricular hypertrophy
Acute limb ischaemia-
Pale,
Pulseless,
Painful,
Paralysed,
Paraesthetic,
Perishingly cold
Sudden tearing/ripping chest pain, radiates to back
aortic dissection
Malar flush, atrial fibrillation
mitral stenosis
soft S1
mitral regurgitation
Soft S2
aortic stenosis
Mitral stenosis caused by CRAP
congenital, rheumatic and prosthetic valve
Mitral stenosis =
mid-diastolic rumbling murmur
Large ‘v’ wave/ raised JVP =
tricuspid regurgitation
left sided heart failure MAT CAT
mitral regurgitation
apex displaces
tachycardia
crackles bilateral abd basal
auscultation 3rd heart sound, tachypnoea
Wenckebach’s phenomenon (heart block) with MI→
temporary cardiac pacing alongside PCI
left side systemic circulation murmurs loudest on
expiration
Right side pulmonary circulation murmurs loudest on
inspiration
Bicuspid valve-→
aortic stenosis
describe S1
- closure of mitral and tricuspid valves
- soft if long PR or mitral regurgitation
- loud in mitral stenosis, anaemia, thin patients
describe S2
- closure of aortic and pulmonary valves
- soft in mild aortic stenosis, louder the more severe
- splitting during inspiration is normal
describe S3
- caused by diastolic filling of the ventricle
- considered normal if < 30 years old (may persist in women up to 50 years old)
- heard in left ventricular failure (e.g. dilated cardiomyopathy), constrictive
pericarditis (called a pericardial knock) and mitral regurgitation
describe S4
- may be heard in aortic stenosis, HOCM, hypertension
- caused by atrial contraction against a stiff ventricle
- in HOCM a double apical impulse may be felt as a result of a palpable S4
PMHx of rheumatic fever –
Mitral stenosis
Alcohol/dilated cardiomyopathy→
pan-systolic murmur (mitral regurgitation)
Strawberry milkshake coloured blood –
hyperlipidaemia
Herpes zoster virus (shingles) –
dermatone level – T4/T5
what does the right coronary artery supply
SA node
great saphenous =
longest vein in the body
how does clopidogrel work
works through P2Y12 receptor by disulphide bond
Afib rate control
BCD
beta blockers
calcium channel blockers
digoxin
long term anti-coagulation =
Warfarin, DOAC
