cardio buzzywords

Question 1

Patient has fever and pleuritic chest pain that is relieved by sitting up and leaning forward

Answer 1

pericarditis

Question 2

irregularly irregular pulse

Answer 2

Afib

Question 3

saw tooth baseline + 150 bpm

Answer 3

atrial flutter

Question 4

raised JVP

Answer 4

right-sided heart failure

Question 5

sense of impending doom

Answer 5

MI

Question 6

saddle shaped ST elevation

Answer 6

pericarditis

Question 7

broad complex tachycardia

Answer 7

ventricular problems

Question 8

Mid-diastolic murmur with a tapping, undisplaced apex →

Answer 8

Mitral Stenosis

Question 9

Broad QRS with slurred upstroke on R wave (delta wave) →

Answer 9

Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome

Question 10

tall, tented T waves

Answer 10

hyperkalaemia

Question 11

blurred yellowing vision headache

Answer 11

digoxin poisoning

Question 12

Janeway Lesions/Osler’s Nodes →

Answer 12

Subacute bacterial endocarditis

Question 13

Continuous Machine like Heart Murmur →

Answer 13

Patent Ductus Arteriosus

Question 14

Rib Notching on CXR →

Answer 14

Coarctation of the aorta

Question 15

Crescendo decrescendo murmur →

Answer 15

Aortic Stenosis

Question 16

Diminished absent lower limb pulses →

Answer 16

Coarctation of the aorta

Question 17

side effect of ACEI-

Answer 17

dry cough, Contraindicated in Renal artery stenosis

Question 18

radial- radial delay –

Answer 18

aortic dissection(tear in wall of aorta)/coarctation of aorta

Question 19

collapsing pulse –

Answer 19

aortic regurgitation

Question 20

slow rising pulse –

Answer 20

aortic stenosis

Question 21

Atrial myxoma

Answer 21

• a noncancerous tumour in the upper left or right side of the heart; most often grows on the wall that separates the two sides of the heart.

Question 22

cardiac tamponade

Answer 22

collection of blood/fluid/pus/clots/gas around the heart/pericardial space that prevents contractions.

Medical emergency.

Question 23

treatment of pericarditis

Answer 23

pain relief; NSAIDs

Question 24

wide pulse pressure

Answer 24

aortic regurgitation, aortic dissection, complete heart block, thyrotoxicosis, persistent doctor arterioles

Question 25

tetralogy of fallot

Answer 25

a congenital heart disease with these mainfeatures; a large ventricular septal defect (this allows the pressures in the two ventricles to become equal), overriding aorta, right ventricular outflow obstruction (causes pulmonary stenosis) and right ventricular hypertrophy

Question 26

Acute limb ischaemia -

Answer 26

Pale,  Pulseless, Painful, Paralysed, Paraesthetic, Perishingly cold

Question 27

Sudden tearing/ripping chest pain, radiates to back

Answer 27

aortic dissection

Question 28

Malar flush, atrial fibrillation

Answer 28

mitral stenosis

Question 29

soft S1

Answer 29

mitral regurgitation

Question 30

Soft S2

Answer 30

aortic stenosis

Question 31

Mitral stenosis caused by CRAP

Answer 31

congenital, rheumatic and prosthetic valve

Question 32

Mitral stenosis =

Answer 32

mid-diastolic rumbling murmur

Question 33

Large ‘v’ wave/ raised JVP =

Answer 33

tricuspid regurgitation

Question 34

left sided heart failure MAT CAT

Answer 34

mitral regurgitation apex displaces tachycardia crackles bilateral abd basal auscultation 3rd heart sound, tachypnoea

Question 35

Wenckebach’s phenomenon (heart block) with MI→

Answer 35

temporary cardiac pacing alongside PCI

Question 36

left side systemic circulation murmurs loudest on

Answer 36

expiration

Question 37

Right side pulmonary circulation murmurs loudest on

Answer 37

inspiration

Question 38

Bicuspid valve-→

Answer 38

aortic stenosis

Question 39

describe S1

Answer 39

* closure of mitral and tricuspid valves * soft if long PR or mitral regurgitation * loud in mitral stenosis, anaemia, thin patients

Question 40

describe S2

Answer 40

* closure of aortic and pulmonary valves * soft in mild aortic stenosis, louder the more severe * splitting during inspiration is normal

Question 41

describe S3

Answer 41

* caused by diastolic filling of the ventricle * considered normal if < 30 years old (may persist in women up to 50 years old) * heard in left ventricular failure (e.g. dilated cardiomyopathy), constrictive pericarditis (called a pericardial knock) and mitral regurgitation

Question 42

describe S4

Answer 42

* may be heard in aortic stenosis, HOCM, hypertension * caused by atrial contraction against a stiff ventricle * in HOCM a double apical impulse may be felt as a result of a palpable S4

Question 43

PMHx of rheumatic fever –

Answer 43

Mitral stenosis

Question 44

Alcohol/dilated cardiomyopathy→

Answer 44

pan-systolic murmur (mitral regurgitation)

Question 45

Strawberry milkshake coloured blood –

Answer 45

hyperlipidaemia

Question 46

Herpes zoster virus (shingles) –

Answer 46

dermatone level – T4/T5

Question 47

what does the right coronary artery supply

Answer 47

SA node

Question 48

great saphenous =

Answer 48

longest vein in the body

Question 49

how does clopidogrel work

Answer 49

works through P2Y12 receptor by disulphide bond

Question 50

Afib rate control

Answer 50

BCD beta blockers calcium channel blockers digoxin long term anti-coagulation = Warfarin, DOAC