Gi buzzywords Flashcards
Side effect of Calcium
Channel Blockers or phenytoin
Gingival Hypertrophy -> Gingivectomy/Biting on own gums
Bird beak appearance (and distended oesophagus)
→ Achalasia; if in lower GI
imaging is a sign of bowel obstruction
Grey Turner’s (lumbar redness) and Cullen’s sign (umbilical redness) positive →
acute Pancreatitis
Murphy’s sign positive →
Cholecystitis
Pale stools, jaundice, abdo pain →
biliary obstruction
Abdo distension, caput medusae, shifting dullness →
portal hypertension + ascites
Pyoderma gangrenosum, erythema nodosum →
Crohn’s / UC
“Tinkling bowel sounds” →
bowel obstruction
Vesicular rash + weight loss →
Coeliac Disease
Virchow’s node (left supra-clavicular) →
gastric cancer
Urea breath test →
H pylori
“Rice-water”-like stools →
vibrio cholera
→ Presence of AMA (Anti mitochondrial antibodies)
Primary Biliary Cirrhosis
→ Presence of ASMA (anti smooth muscle antibodies)
Autoimmune hepatitis
Alpha Feto Protein assay
hepatocellular carcinoma (or teratoma)
‘Cobblestone mucosa’; indicating deep fissuring ulceration of mucosa →
found in Crohn’s Disease
Diuretic for ascites (due to cirrhosis) →
spironolactone
Corkscrew oesophagus on barium swallow →
diffuse oesophageal spasm
Severe abdo pain + D&V after raw milk →
Campylobacter
Russell’s sign →
self induced vomiting
Mallory’s hyaline bodies →
alcoholic liver disease (acute hepatitis) and chronic active hepatitis
Crypt abscess / cryptitis →
Inflammatory Bowel CROHN’S
Onion skinning fibrosis, beading of bile ducts →
Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis
Thumb-printing on X-ray commonly at splenic flexure →
Ischaemic colitis
Charcot’s triad →
Acute cholangitis i.e. fever, jaundice and abdominal pain
secondary to cholelithiasis.
Causes for abdominal mass:
A CHEMICAL
AAA,
crohn’s,
hernia,
enlarged organ,
malignancy,
intersusception,
cyst or abcess,
appendicitis,
lymphadenopathy
Causes for bowel obstruction:
BATH VIPS:
bolus,
adhesions,
tumour,
hernia,
volvulus,
intersussception,
pseudo-obstruction,
stricture.
Side effect of spironlactone-
gynaecomastia
-an increase in the amount of breast gland tissue in boys or men
what type of mouth disease do people with Crohn’s have?
(stomatitis gangrenosum)
dukes classification –
A – confined to bowel wall,
B – local spread outwith bowel wall,
C – lymph node metastases
causes of liver disease
A - Autoimmune
B- Hepatitis B
C- Hepatitis C
D- Drugs e.g. paracetamol
E- Ethanol
F- Fatty Liver Disease (NASH ~ obesity)
G- Growth (cancer/metastases)
H- Haemodynamic e.g. congestive heart failure
I - Infiltration [iron] (e.g. haemochromatosis, Wilson’s Disease) or Infective
to remember AST is increased in alcoholic liver disease:
wASTed
- or AST: Alcohol gets you STeaming
ALT is more specific to the Liver than AST
aLt Liver
Causes of abdominal distension - 5 (or 6) F’s:
Fat
Foetus
Flatus
Faeces
Fluid
Fucking massive tumour
causes of pancreatitis
I GET SMASHED
I- idiopathic
G-gallstones
E-ethanol
T-trauma
S-scorpion bite
M-mumps
A-autoimmune
S-steroids
H- hyperlididemia/hypercalcaemia
E-ERCP
D-druugs
ABCDE (risks for melanoma) →
Asymmetry, border, colour, diameter, evolving/elevation
Rose spots, spots that blanch on pressure→
Typhoid
C breath test →
bacterial overgrowth
South east asia, thickening in small bowel folds, flocculation in barium enema =
Tropical Sprue
T cell deficiency=
DiGeorge system
Alpha 1-antitypsin deficiency
(Young non-smoker and potentially liver damage)
what does salters triad show
aspirin induced asthma
what is chaplains syndrome
Rheumatoid arthritis and pneumoconiosis
oblique fissure
rib 6
horizontal fissure
rib 4
where is the middle lobe auscultated
on right side between rib 4 and 6
describe Boyles law
pressure exerted by gas varies inversely with the volume of gas – as volume increases, pressure decreases
what is type 1 sensitivity
IgE mediated (Fc receptors) – mast cell degradation
