Gi buzzywords

Question 1

Side effect of Calcium
Channel Blockers or phenytoin

Answer 1

Gingival Hypertrophy -> Gingivectomy/Biting on own gums

Question 2

Bird beak appearance (and distended oesophagus)

Answer 2

→ Achalasia; if in lower GI
imaging is a sign of bowel obstruction

Question 3

Grey Turner’s (lumbar redness) and Cullen’s sign (umbilical redness) positive →

Answer 3

acute Pancreatitis

Question 4

Murphy’s sign positive →

Answer 4

Cholecystitis

Question 5

Pale stools, jaundice, abdo pain →

Answer 5

biliary obstruction

Question 6

Abdo distension, caput medusae, shifting dullness →

Answer 6

portal hypertension + ascites

Question 7

Pyoderma gangrenosum, erythema nodosum →

Answer 7

Crohn’s / UC

Question 8

“Tinkling bowel sounds” →

Answer 8

bowel obstruction

Question 9

Vesicular rash + weight loss →

Answer 9

Coeliac Disease

Question 10

Virchow’s node (left supra-clavicular) →

Answer 10

gastric cancer

Question 11

Urea breath test →

Answer 11

H pylori

Question 12

“Rice-water”-like stools →

Answer 12

vibrio cholera

Question 13

→ Presence of AMA (Anti mitochondrial antibodies)

Answer 13

Primary Biliary Cirrhosis

Question 14

→ Presence of ASMA (anti smooth muscle antibodies)

Answer 14

Autoimmune hepatitis

Question 15

Alpha Feto Protein assay

Answer 15

hepatocellular carcinoma (or teratoma)

Question 16

‘Cobblestone mucosa’; indicating deep fissuring ulceration of mucosa →

Answer 16

found in Crohn’s Disease

Question 17

Diuretic for ascites (due to cirrhosis) →

Answer 17

spironolactone

Question 18

Corkscrew oesophagus on barium swallow →

Answer 18

diffuse oesophageal spasm

Question 19

Severe abdo pain + D&V after raw milk →

Answer 19

Campylobacter

Question 20

Russell’s sign →

Answer 20

self induced vomiting

Question 21

Mallory’s hyaline bodies →

Answer 21

alcoholic liver disease (acute hepatitis) and chronic active hepatitis

Question 22

Crypt abscess / cryptitis →

Answer 22

Inflammatory Bowel CROHN’S

Question 23

Onion skinning fibrosis, beading of bile ducts →

Answer 23

Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis

Question 24

Thumb-printing on X-ray commonly at splenic flexure →

Answer 24

Ischaemic colitis

Question 25

Charcot’s triad →

Answer 25

Acute cholangitis i.e. fever, jaundice and abdominal pain secondary to cholelithiasis.

Question 26

Causes for abdominal mass:

Answer 26

A CHEMICAL AAA, crohn’s, hernia, enlarged organ, malignancy, intersusception, cyst or abcess, appendicitis, lymphadenopathy

Question 27

Causes for bowel obstruction:

Answer 27

BATH VIPS: bolus, adhesions, tumour, hernia, volvulus, intersussception, pseudo-obstruction, stricture.

Question 28

Side effect of spironlactone-

Answer 28

gynaecomastia -an increase in the amount of breast gland tissue in boys or men

Question 29

what type of mouth disease do people with Crohn’s have?

Answer 29

(stomatitis gangrenosum)

Question 30

dukes classification –

Answer 30

A – confined to bowel wall, B – local spread outwith bowel wall, C – lymph node metastases

Question 31

causes of liver disease

Answer 31

A - Autoimmune B - Hepatitis B C - Hepatitis C D - Drugs e.g. paracetamol E - Ethanol F - Fatty Liver Disease (NASH ~ obesity) G - Growth (cancer/metastases) H - Haemodynamic e.g. congestive heart failure I - Infiltration [iron] (e.g. haemochromatosis, Wilson’s Disease) or Infective

Question 32

to remember AST is increased in alcoholic liver disease:

Answer 32

wASTed                                                                 - or AST: Alcohol gets you STeaming

Question 33

ALT is more specific to the Liver than AST

Answer 33

aLt Liver

Question 34

Causes of abdominal distension - 5 (or 6) F’s:

Answer 34

Fat Foetus Flatus Faeces Fluid Fucking massive tumour

Question 35

causes of pancreatitis

Answer 35

I GET SMASHED I- idiopathic G-gallstones E-ethanol T-trauma S-scorpion bite M-mumps A-autoimmune S-steroids H- hyperlididemia/hypercalcaemia E-ERCP D-druugs

Question 36

ABCDE (risks for melanoma) →

Answer 36

Asymmetry, border, colour, diameter, evolving/elevation

Question 37

Rose spots, spots that blanch on pressure→

Answer 37

Typhoid

Question 38

C breath test →

Answer 38

bacterial overgrowth

Question 39

South east asia, thickening in small bowel folds, flocculation in barium enema =

Answer 39

Tropical Sprue

Question 40

T cell deficiency=

Answer 40

DiGeorge system

Question 41

Alpha 1-antitypsin deficiency

Answer 41

(Young non-smoker and potentially liver damage)

Question 42

what does salters triad show

Answer 42

aspirin induced asthma

Question 43

what is chaplains syndrome

Answer 43

Rheumatoid arthritis and pneumoconiosis

Question 44

oblique fissure

Answer 44

rib 6

Question 45

horizontal fissure

Answer 45

rib 4

Question 46

where is the middle lobe auscultated

Answer 46

on right side between rib 4 and 6

Question 47

describe Boyles law

Answer 47

pressure exerted by gas varies inversely with the volume of gas – as volume increases, pressure decreases

Question 48

what is type 1 sensitivity

Answer 48

IgE mediated (Fc receptors) – mast cell degradation