Random Review Flashcards
Glands lined by a single layer of epithelium and packed back to back
prostate adenocarcinoma
comm COD in cervical squamous cell carcinoma
renal failure w/ hydronephrosis
papillary tumor areas with high grade nuclei
serous adenocarcinoma
clomiphene citrate
a selective estrogen receptor modulator and is used for ovulation induction
letrozole
aromatase inhibitor
used for ovulation induction
Rotterdam Criteria
need 2/3 for PCOS
- Hyperandrogenism (clinical or biochemical)
- Ovulatory dysfunction (oligo-/ amenorrhea)
- Polycystic ovaries on ultrasound
menopause is dx by inc levels of
FSH
Endometriosis is characterized by dysmenorrhea, menorrhagia, or both?
dysmenorrhea
Adenomyosis is characterized by dysmenorrhea, menorrhagia, or both?
both
tx for benign (mature) ovarian teratoma
surgery
to avoid rupture etc.
BP changes during preg
progesterone relaxes smc
–> BP falls
Mg sulfate
smc RELAXANT
oxytocin
uterine stimulant or relaxant?
uterine stimulant
prostaglandins E1 and E2
uterine stimulant or relaxant?
uterine stimulant
ergot alkaloids
uterine stimulant or relaxant?
uterine stimulant
alpha adrenergic drugs
uterine stimulant or relaxant?
uterine stimulant
mechanical stretch
uterine stimulant or relaxant?
uterine stimulant
polyhydramnios
xs fetal size
mult preg
fibroids
progesterone
uterine stimulant or relaxant?
uterine relaxant
terbutaline
uterine stimulant or relaxant?
beta mimetics (agonists)
uterine relaxant
nifedipine
uterine stimulant or relaxant?
uterine relaxant
atociban
uterine stimulant or relaxant?
oxytocin antagonist
uterine relaxant`
Mg sulfate
uterine stimulant or relaxant?
Ca++ antagonist
uterine relaxant
ritodrine
uterine stimulant or relaxant?
beta mimetics (agonists)
uterine relaxant
prostaglandin
inhibitors
uterine stimulant or relaxant?
uterine relaxant
matrix metalloproteinase during labor
UPregulated, breaks up collagen and makes cervix soft
hyaluronic acid during labor
inc in hydration of ground substance
cervical ripening
negative station
head higher up relative to ischial spine
positive station
head lower relative to ischial spine
uterine a. changes during pregnancy
diameter doubles
uterine blood flow changes during pregnancy
increases by 8-fold at 20 weeks pregnancy
vasodilatation during pregnancy is mainly due to
estradiol and progesterone
venous changes during pregnancy
vasodilation, less competent valves
MAP changes during pregnancy
falls mid-pregnancy
~20 wk
consequences of progesterone during pregnancy
dec SVR –> postural hypOtension
angiotensin II during preg
inc –> H2O/Na retention
*less sensitive to this change tho, dec bp overall
plasma volume during pregnancy
inc –> edema
CVS changes occur during which part of pregnancy?
much occur prior to 12 wk gestation
ureter/gb dilation during pregnancy can be attributed to
inc progesterone –. inc smc relax
reason for inc UTI risk during pregnancy
ureter dilates, bladder smc relaxes (via progesterone, more urine retention)
respiratory changes during pregnancy
respiratory alkalosis dec pCO2 hyperventilation --> inc TV SOB chest circumference inc mucosa of nasopharynx becomes hyperemic and edematous
T/F
physiologic dyspnea during pregnancy includes paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea
F
risk fx for mole
women >40
women 2+ miscarriages
partial less freq than complete moles
___ molar pregnancies are more common
complete
tonsssss of cells and nuclear material, no villi
gestational trophoblastic disease
involuntary leakage + urgency
run to toilet
detrusor overactivity
uninhibited bladder contraction
dribble
no urgency to pee
overflow incontinence
examples of anticholinergics
Oxybutynin (Ditropan)
Tolterodine (Detrol)
Darifenacin (Enablex)
Solifenacin (Vesicare)
Trospium (Sanctura)
Fesoterodine (Toviaz)STI leading to Fallopian tube damage, infertility
gonorrhea (damages cilia, can’t move pregnancy down tubes)
shoulder pain
ruptured ectopic (blood between diaphragm and liver –> referred to shoulder)
IUP shows hCG levels that double every
48 hours
rudimentary uterine horn pregnancies have a rupture rate of
50%
most common finding in ectopic pregnancy
adnexal mass
most concerning fetal monitor findings
LATE decelerations
minimal variability
glucose tolerance test
LOW RISK PREG:
1 hour glucose (50g) test at 24-28 weeks with no special prep (EAT)
if suspicious: screen at first visit
3hr glucose test
if failed 1hr glucose test
3hr test includes 3d carb loading, 8hr overnight fast, then 100g oral glucose
measure fasting, 1hr, 2hr, 3hr
pathophys of Rh(D) antigen response
B lymphocyte clones form that recognize foreign rbc antigens
RhoGAM dose
300 mcg
% women alloimmunized w/ RhoGAM
2% w/ routine PP dose
0.1% with added dose at 28wk
is progesterone helpful clinically for uterine relaxation?
no
placenta previa - painless or painful?
painless
abruption placenta - painless or painful?
painful
vasa previa
fetal blood vessel rupture, req c sec
estrogens in peripheral adipose tissue are formed from
androstenedione
most comm female malignancy
endometrial cancer
most comm ovarian tumor
benign cystic teratoma
solid tumors
dysgerminoma choriocarcinoma immature teratoma theca/fibroma sertoli/leydig
which tumors are estrogen AND progesterone sensitive (female)
Leiomyomas
Onset of pregnancy-related dyspnea usually occurs before __ wk
20 wk
MILD
NOT AT REST
ectopic preg present when?
6-8 wk after last normal menstrual pd
can occur later
which location of ectopic presents with lots of bleeding
cornua of Fallopian tube
tocolytic
term for uterine relaxants (anti-contraction)
