Menopause Flashcards
Physio of Menopause
Reduced #/quality of follicles –> dec inhibit –> loss of negative feedback to pituitary –> rise in FSH secretion –> more rapid follicular development/shorter follicular phase, dec intervals between pds –> eventually ovulation = intermittent –> cease
The menopausal transition (perimenopausal)
- inc FSH
- intermittent ovulation
- variable cycle lengths
- ends w final menses
menopause is defined
retrospectively (by 12 mo amenorrhea)
perimenopause result in ___ FSH
inc
perimenopause result in ___ inhibin
dec
Which group of women are most affected by vasomotor sx due to menopause?
African American women also affected
Asian women least affected
Most effective
systemic estrogen therapy
- OCPs (perimenopause only)
- low dose estrogens
- concomitant progesterone therapy needed if pt has uterus
hormone replacement therapy risks
heart disease, stroke, breast cancer, VTE
non hormonal pharm tx for vasomotor sx
- SSRIs
- Gavapentin
- Clonidine
vulvovaginal atrophy results in which acid-base change
vaginal pH = more alkaline –> inc risk of vaginitis
tx for vulvovaginal atrophy
- lubricants
- topical estrogen therapy (very low systemic absorption, minimal endometrial stimulation)
urge incontinence
detrusor overactivity
involuntary leakage assoc w/ sudden strong need to void
stress incontinence
involuntary leakage with effort
inc intra-abd P overcomes sphincter closure
mixed incontinence
combo of stress and urge incontinence
too much tone and too much activity
overflow incontinence
involuntary frequent voids of very small amounts of urine, just can’t hold anymore
assoc w/ loss of bladder m. contractile strength or bladder outlet obstruction