Random. Okay? Flashcards
Electroconvulsive Therapy is indicated in Neurotic Depression/Delusions Depression?
Delusional Depression (Severe depression with psychotic features like delusions)
Alpha-fetoprotein in blood is seen which conditions?
Mnemonic: TOLD Testicular Tumour Obituary i.e. Fetal Death L- Liver ( Hepatocellular Carcinoma) D- Defects, Neural Tube Defects
Ataxia Telengectasia
What is related to the neck of pancreas on its posterior surface?
Portal Vein
Name a cephalosporin used for Pseudomonas infections?
Written in FA on Page 189.
Ceftazidime
Which generation of Cephalosporins can cross Blood brain barrier? Also name them.
3rd Generation.
ceftriaxone, ceftazidime, cefotaxime
A patient of Multiple Sclerosis has what kind of speech?
Scanning speech
Name 2 conditions where the patient may have PRESSURED speech?
Manic Episode, Cocaine Intoxication
What does it mean when one says the patient had pressured speech?
A person with pressured speech is difficult to interrupt.
Involuntary Obscene Speech is found in what neurological disease?
Tourrette’s Syndrome
Treated with Benazines, because behanon kay gaaliyan daetay hein
Which drug has a side effect of word finding difficulty?
Topiramate
Causes of slurring of speech?
Hyperammonemia,
Polymyxin S/E
Lithium Toxicity
Inhalant, Alcohol intoxication
What are the virus characteristics of HSV?
Blue background in sketchy- So must be DNA
Two lines on road- Linear and double stranded
Hercules is wearing something so ENVELOPED
What is the first sign of infection with HSV1?
Gingivostomatitis
What is seen on slit lamp examination of corneal ulcers caused by HSV1?
Serripiginous corneal ulcers under florescent slit lamp examination
What is the neurological manifestation of HSV 1?
Temporal lobe encephalitis
feathers on temporal of hercules’ helmet
Vesicles on finger due to HSV are called what? Who are they commonly found in?
Herpetic whitlow
Commong in dentists
Where do HSV1 and HSV2 stay dormant?
HSV1- Trigerminal nuclei
HSV2- Sacral Ganglia
HSV2 causes what neurological problem?
Aseptic meningitis
Name two drugs that have anticholinergic effects/toxicity?
Diphenhydramine
TCAs such as Amitriptyline
A boy has defect in skull
Bone mineralization, the deposition of what is affected?
Boy has rickets/osteomalacia- Where bone mineralization is defective due to low Vitamin D and low Calcium.
Collagen deposition will be hampered because mineralization of osteoid is done when osteoblasts secrete collagen
Which tumour is found in the 4th venticle?
Ependymoma
Absent gag reflex in the stroke of which artery?
PICA—-> Posterior inferior cerebellar artery
Gag reflex root value?
Cranial Nerve 9,10
Which two cranial nerve reflexes have the same afferent and efferent?
Jaw Jerk-V3
Cough- C10
Which drug causes melanosis coli?
Senna leaves
Location of thymus?
Behind sternum, anterior and superior to heart
In Which hereditary condition, the person is hypersensitive to damage caused by ionizing radiation?
Ataxia telengestasia- ionizing radiation causes cerebellar atrophy
Two modes of damage that ionizing radiations cause?
ionization radiation is also the radiation therapy we do in medicine
Double-Strand DNA breaks (asked in uworld)
Gives off ROS
What is the mechanism of action of Epinephrine used for Anaphylaxis?
Epinephrin at high doses is an ALPHA AGONIST.
So, will cause vasoconstriction when given in a patient of anaphylaxis
Ragged red fibres on muscle biopsy?
Mitochondrial myopathy
Mitochondrial encephalomyopathy is secondary to failure in _________________.
Oxidative Phosphorylation
Arterial Blood Supply of duodenum?
Upper half by superior pancreaticoduodenal artery
(Branch of Gastroduedonal artery)
Lower half is supplied by inferior pancreaticduodenal artery
(Branch of SMA)
Venous drainage of duodenum?
Superior pancreaticoduodenal vein drains into PORTAL VEIN.
Inferior Pacreaticoduodenal vein drains into mesenteric vein
MOA of Doxorubicin?
DNA intercalators (generate free radicals and intercalate them in DNA——> Breaks in DNA)
How can dilated cardiomyopathy caused by anthracyclines be prevented?
Daxra-zo-xane
Difference between negative sense and positive sense RNA viruses?
Positive Sense can be converted into proteins DIRECTLY.
However, Negative Sense RNA need to be transcribed into a Postive Sense RNA first so all Negative Sense RNA need to bring their own RNA polymerases!!!!!
(sketchy)
All of the negative Sense RNA are (single/double) stranded except for ___________.
Single stranded, except for Rotavirus/Reovirus
What are comedones?
Keratin deposition blocking hair follicles.
Complete mole karyotype?
46 XX, 46 XY
Which mole stains positive for p57?
Partial mole
Partial mole karyotypes?
69 XXX, 69 XXY, 69 XYY.
2 sperms and 1 egg
Mnemonic related to above dentate line?
Above dentate line is:
Venous drainage is that of SRV—-> IMV——-> Portal vein.
(Portal vein sey ziaada kareeb hai yeh waal segment, tou yehi drain keray ga)
Lymph drainage is IIN——> Internal iliac nodes.
Insan ka inner kya hai? Simple. So simple columnar epithelium, and visceral pelvic splanchnic nerves.
How to remember characteristics of below the dentate line?
mnemonic yaad kero?
Below the dentate line is SIN (Because of what homosexuals do)
So, lymph drainge is into Superficial inguinal nodes.
Venous drainage is middle and inferior rectal vein——> IPV—-> IIV—> IVC
(IPV IV lagii)
Baahar sey band is stratified squamous so cancer is also squamous epithelium.
Diseases associated with the following location in small intestines:
1) Duodenum
2) Jejenum and Ileum
3) Ileum
1) Celiac Diseases
2) Tropical sprue
3) Carcinoid tumour. (even asked in uworld that what is the most common site of carcinoid tumour and the answer was small bowel)
3 cell types/conditions that stain positive for S-100?
Langerhan cell histiocytosis
(rod shaped/Tennis racket)
Melanoma
Schwannoma
Which properties are specific characteristics for gram positive and gram negative?
Gram Positive—-> Lipotechoiec Acid.
Gram Negative—> Outer membrane, periplasmic space (for B lactamases)
Receptor Tyrosine Kinases are basically Growth factor RECEPTORS. Give examples?
ALK, KIT, HER, RET.
