Granuloma key word-FA. Flashcards
Which cytokine maintains granulomas in TB?
TNF-alpha.
Which cytokine activates macrophages
to induce granuloma formation?
Interferon-gamma released by Th1 cells.
What do we give for the treatment of chronic granulomatous disease?
Interferon-gamma.
People with chronic granulomatous disease (NADPH
oxidase deficiency) have recurrent infections with _________________.
People with chronic granulomatous disease (NADPH
oxidase deficiency) have recurrent infections with certain catalase ⊕ organisms.
______________ is an intrauterine infection caused by listeria monocytogenes with a high fetal or neonatal mortality but a very low mortality for the mother.
Granulomatosis infantseptica.
How does Cord factor work in TB?
Cord factor creates a “serpentine cord”
appearance in virulent M tuberculosis strains;
activates macrophages (promoting granuloma
formation) and induces release of TNF-α.
Caseating granulomas with central necrosis
and Langhans giant cell are characteristic of primary/secondary tuberculosis.?
Secondary.
Chronic Granulomas are seen in?
Chronic Granulomas are gummas that are seen in tertiary syphilis.
Caseating Granulomas are seen in?
TB, Systemic Mycosis, Nocardia
Noncaseating granulomas are seen in
Brucella, sarcoidosis, Berryolosis (Exposure common in aerospace people)
Which fungus presents as formation of granulomatous nodules?
Blastomycosis.
Why would Asperigillus Fumigatus cause chronic granulomatous disease in a person?
Due to neutrophil dysfunction
Granulomatous infections are characterized by ________ calcification.
Dystrophic.
Why do we always test for Latent TB before starting Anti-TNF therapy?
Anti-TNF therapy can cause sequestering granulomas to break down————>disseminated disease.
Which parasitic infections results in granuloma formation?
Schistosomiasis.
Rheumatic Fever and granuloma formation?
Associated with Aschoff bodies (granuloma with
giant cells)——> On heart biopsy.
Focal Granulomatous inflammation?
Giant Cell Arteritis.
Granulomatous thickening and narrowing of
aortic arch and proximal great vessels?
Takayasu Arteritis.
Necrotizing granulomas in lung and upper
airway?
> Granulomatosis with polyangiitis (Wegener)
Upper respiratory tract: perforation of nasal
septum, chronic sinusitis, otitis media,
mastoiditis.
Lower respiratory tract: hemoptysis, cough,
dyspnea
Granulomatous inflammation of thyroid?
Subacute granulomatous thyroiditis (de Quervain)
Increased ESR, Jaw claudication
IBS—>Noncaseating granulomas and lymphoid
aggregates. Th1 mediated.
Is it Crohn’s or UC?
Crohn’s disease.
Polypoid lobulated capillary hemangioma, what is it called?
Pyogenic Granuloma?
Xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis (Orange Nodules)
characterized by widespread kidney damage due to granulomatous tissue containing foamy macrophages. Associated with Proteus infection.
Pulmonary Langerhans cell histiocytosis (eosinophilic granuloma)—–> cause restrictive/obstructive lung disease?
RESTRICTIVE.
