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random cards Flashcards

1
Q

why are blood products added to media

A
  • add nutrients

- feed bacteria

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2
Q

3 types of blood products that can be added to media

A
  • whole blood
  • lysed blood
  • serum
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3
Q

what is the source of blood products

A

horse and sheep

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4
Q

why is human blood not a good source

A

contains the following

  • antigens
  • antibodies
  • hormones
  • antibiotics
  • disease
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5
Q

2 purposes of using whole blood agar

A
  • to enrich

- to show hemolysis

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6
Q

what temp is whole blood heated to in order to lyse it

A

60 degrees celcius

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7
Q

example of lysed blood media

A
  • chocolate agar

- Thayer-Martin

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8
Q

when you heat agar to 45-50 degrees and add lysed blood, what type of agar will you create

A

skirrow’s

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9
Q

what temp is serum heated to, to create Loeffler’s agar

A

85 degrees celcius

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10
Q

creating Loeffler’s agar requires what process

A

inspissation

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11
Q

what is Saponin

A

lysing agent

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12
Q

what is resazurin

A

o2 indicator

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13
Q

what temp does agar solidify

A

38-42 degrees celcius

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14
Q

what temp does agar dissolve

A

90-100 degrees celcius

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15
Q

how much agar do you add to make slushy consistency

A

.5%

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16
Q

how much agar do you add to reduce convection currents

A

0.05-0.1%

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17
Q

how much agar do you add to make it very firm

A

3-5%

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18
Q

purpose of making agar very firm

A

prevent swarming

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19
Q

how much agar added to give routine solid media

A

2%

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20
Q

4 ingredients that make up basic media

A
  • peptones
  • carbohydrates
  • agar
  • distilled water
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21
Q

why is tap water not added to agar

A

tap water has impurities/ions that can inhibit bacterial growth

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22
Q

in which agar is hemolysis visible

A
  • whole blood

- PEA with blood

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23
Q

what color is beta hemolysis

A

clear

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24
Q

what color is alpha hemolysis

A

green/brown

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25
Q

what chemistries do you use a gold/SST tube for

A
  • creatinine - iron
  • bilirubin - magnesium
  • albumin - lithium
  • sodium - glucose
  • potassium - hormones
  • lipids - vitamins
  • amylase - creatine kinase
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26
Q

what color tube is used to draw blood glucose levels when no other chemistries are ordered

A

grey tube

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27
Q

royal blue tube # of inversions

A

8 times

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28
Q

what is the % of H2o found in a serum tube

A

90-91.5% h2o (water)

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29
Q

what specimens are light sensitive

A
  • bilirubin beta carotene
  • vitamin b12
  • folate
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30
Q

what is needed to protect light sensitive specimens

A

amber sleeve or aluminum foil

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31
Q

what is hemolysis

A

RBC rupture

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32
Q

why can you not use gold/SST tube to test for drugs

A

thixotropic gel will absorb meds/drugs

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33
Q

what does the additive sodium polyanethol sulfonate do

A

anti-coagulate by calcium chelation

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34
Q

what does the additive prothrombin activator do

A

enhance clotting

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35
Q

plasma tube contain

A

clotting factors

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36
Q

what are formed elements

A

RBC, WBC and platelets

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37
Q

what does the additive acid citrate dextrose do

A

acid - acts as buffer
citrate - anti-coagulate by calcium chelation
dextrose - is nitrient

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38
Q

what does the additive buffered sodium citrate do

A

anti-coagulate by calcium chelation

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39
Q

what does the additive thixotropic gel do

A

separate serum from clot

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40
Q

how can you tell you have a Hemolysed sample

A

sample will be a pink/red color depending on level of hemolysis

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41
Q

what does the additive heparin do

A

prevents prothrombin from converting to thrombin

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42
Q

what color tubes produce plasma

A
  • bright yellow
  • light blue
  • green
  • lavender/pink
  • pale yellow
  • grey
  • black
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43
Q

what is a hematoma

A

bruise

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44
Q

what color tubes produce serum

A
  • gold/SST

- red

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45
Q

what does the additive broth culture medium do

A

provide nutrients

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46
Q

what 2 tests require the patient to fast and for how long

A

10-12 hour fasting for blood glucose

8-10 hour fasting for gestational diabetes glucose tolerance test

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47
Q

what does the additive sodium fluoride do

A

anti-coagulate

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48
Q

serum tube contain

A

no clotting factors

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49
Q

how can you tell you have a lipemic sample

A

sample is a cloudy/whitish color

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50
Q

what color tube is used to draw blood glucose levels when there are other chemistries are ordered

A

gold/SST

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51
Q

what test is done that requires warming

A

cold agglutination test

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52
Q

what steps are required after green tube is collected

A
  • put on ice immediately

- rush to testing facility immediately

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53
Q

what does the additive EDTA do

A

anticoagulate by calcium chelation

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54
Q

what does additive charcoal do

A

absorb toxins

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55
Q

how can you tell you have a icteric sample

A

serum/plasma will be amber in color

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56
Q

what does the additive potassium oxalate do

A

anticoagulate by calcium chelation

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57
Q

what is hemoconcentration

A

increased volume of formed elements

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58
Q

what specimens need to be chilled

A
  • STAT tests
  • ammonia
  • blood gases
  • catecholamines
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59
Q

how many efferent vessels do OUT of a lymph node

A

1 efferent vessel

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60
Q

explain passive artificial

A

antibodies injected into person exposed to disease or toxin

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61
Q

what do suppressor T-cells do

A

decrease immune response once invasion is controlled

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62
Q

explain active artificial immunity and give example

A

injected with pathogen to produce antibodies and develop memory
example vaccinations

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63
Q

what is a lymph node made up of

A
  • macrophages

- B & T lymphocytes

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64
Q

explain how COMPLEMENT chemical action works

A
  • antibody binds to antigen
  • changes antigens shape and exposes vulnerable spot
  • antibody bores holes in antigen
  • sodium and water flow into antigen
  • antigen ruptures
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65
Q

fluid in the subclavian vein

A

plasma

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66
Q

fluid in a blood capillary

A

plasma

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67
Q

why is thy cisterna chyli important

A

gradually drains preventing thoracic duct from exploding

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68
Q

explain process of active natural immunity

A
  • person exposed to disease
  • get sick
  • fully recover
  • develop memory
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69
Q

what do we have inborn immunity from and give example

A

diseases from another species

example distemper

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70
Q

how many afferent vessels go INTO a lymph node

A

4 afferent vessels

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71
Q

what form of immunity is active natural immunity

A

specific immunity

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72
Q

what do blood capillaries transport

A

plasma

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73
Q

another name for inborn immunity

A

inherited immunity

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74
Q

fluid in the tissue

A

interstitial fluid

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75
Q

after 1st rabies shot, do you have active artificial or passive artificial immunity

A

passive artificial

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76
Q

what term of immunity does passive artificial provide

A

short term immunity

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77
Q

what is fluid in a lymph capillary

A

lymph fluid

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78
Q

pathway of lymph fluid in lower quadrant

A 
lymph capillaries
lymph veins
cisterna chyli
thoracic duct
left subclavian vein
superior vena cava
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79
Q

lymphocyte activated in antibody mediated response

A

B-lymphocytes

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80
Q

explain importance of afferent and efferent vessel numbers

A

allows lymph fluid to circulate longer and cleaned before flowing out (4 in 1 out)

81
Q

what is a phagocyte

A

cell that eats bad stuff

82
Q

what does red bone marrow produce

A

B-lymphocytes

83
Q

explain the life span of the thymus

A
  • most effective up to puberty
  • less effective until
  • 65 is replaced by adipose and stops working
84
Q

what do lymph nodes do

A

filter lymph fluid

85
Q

5 examples of a barrier

A
  • skin
  • tears
  • ear wax
  • mucus
  • stomach acid
86
Q

what does the spleen filter

A

blood

87
Q

what is lymphedema

A

swelling in tissue

88
Q

what does systemic inflammation cause and why

A
  • fever
  • to speed up metabolism and negatively affect pathogen’s metabolism
  • lead to anaphylactic shock
89
Q

what is immunity

A

ability to fight off pathogens

90
Q

allergies are immunity against what

A

environmental antigens

91
Q

3 types of tonsils and location

A

palatine - side of throat
pharyngeal - back of throat
lingual - under tongue

92
Q

neutrophils part of specific or non-specific immunity

A

non-specific immunity

93
Q

how many lymph nodes in the body

A

approx 600

94
Q

what does the thymus do and where is it located

A

produces T lymphocytes

located behind the sternum

95
Q

what is lymphadenitis

A

infection that causes swelling/tenderness in lymph nodes

96
Q

explain how INTERFERON chemical action works

A
  • virus invades cell
  • takes over DNA and multiplies
  • invaded cell sends chemical message to neighboring cells
  • tells them to protect themselves
  • invaded call dies
97
Q

external surface provides what type of immunity

A

non-specific immunity

98
Q

how much can the spleen hold

A

up to 500mL of blood

99
Q

what is systemic inflammation

A

inflammation throughout body

100
Q

resistant to foreign invaders means what

A

body fights off foreign invaders on its own

101
Q

what is the spleen filled with

A

red and white pulp

102
Q

what type of immunity is systemic inflammation

A

non-specific immunity

103
Q

% of lymph fluid filtered in right upper quadrant

A

25%

104
Q

what is localized inflammation

A

redness, warmth, swelling in specific body part or location

105
Q

what do tonsils filter

A

inhaled and ingested particles

106
Q

what term of immunity does active artificial immunity provide

A

long term immunity

107
Q

explain passive natural immunity

A

immunity passes from mother’s antibodies to fetus across placenta and through breast milk

108
Q

3 things helper T cells activate

A
  • killer T’s
  • suppressors
  • memories
109
Q

what is the cisterna chyli for

A

acts as holding tank for lymph fluid 0 up to 300mL

110
Q

what type of immunity is localized inflammation

A

non-specific immunity

111
Q

susceptible means what

A

inability to fight off foreign invaders on its own

112
Q

immune response to all or any foreign invaders is what kind of immunity

A

non-specific immunity

113
Q

purpose of the lymphatic system

A
  • immunity
  • blood volume control
  • absorb fats and fat soluble vitamins
114
Q

what do the 3 color bands stand for

A

red - 1mL
blue - 5mL
orange - 10mL

115
Q

difference between droplet and airborne precautions

A

droplet - cough or sneeze

airborne - aerosol

116
Q

united stated pharmacopoeia (USP) or national formulary (NF) reagent is used where

A

pharmacies

117
Q

explain electronic balance

A
  • precise measurements
  • electricity
  • 1 plate
  • tare out container
  • calibrate with known weights
  • clean with 70% isopropyl alcohol after each use
118
Q

what does IQMH do

A

ensure quality in lab

119
Q

what do you clean a class II biosafety cabinet with

A

70% isopropyl alcohol

120
Q

UN2900

A

infectious substance affecting animals only

121
Q

IQMH

A

institute for quality management in healthcare

122
Q

RHPA

A

regulated health professionals act

123
Q

purified, practical or commercial is used by who for what

A

used by manufacturers as starting chemical to produce reagent of greater purity

124
Q

how are acids and bases carried

A

splash/fracture buckets

125
Q

solute formula

A

solute OVER solution

% OVER 100 = x OVER solution

126
Q

sterilize does what give examples

A

destroys all microorganisms and their spores

examp autoclave, hot air oven, radiation

127
Q

type of disposable glass used in labs

A

flint

128
Q

LSCCLA

A

laboratory and specimen collection center licensing act

129
Q

technical reagent grade has what purity level

A

least pure

130
Q

solvent formula and number of steps

A

step 1
solute OVER solution
% OVER 100 = x OVER solution

step 2
solute + solvent (x) = solution

131
Q

how to ensure safety when using centrifuge

A
  • ensure balance
  • no breaks in tubes
  • ensure tubes capped
132
Q

what does a pH meter do

A

measures pH ion concentration

133
Q

when are MSDS sheets provided

A
  • from supplier upon 1st purchase
  • every 3 years
  • when product changes
134
Q

type of reusable plastic used in labs

A

polypropline

135
Q

what does blow out mean

A

force out last drop

136
Q

sterilize what type of objects

A

inanimate

137
Q

what is reverse isolation

A

HC workers and visitors wear PPE to protect patient who is immunocompromised

138
Q

reagent formula and number of steps

A 
solute OVER solute + solvent = solution
step 1
reagent A OVER reagent a + b = x OVER total volume
step 2
solute + solvent = solution
139
Q

clinical chemistry/biochemistry sub departments

A
  • immunology (antibody/antigen levels and reactions)
  • urinalysis
  • toxicology
140
Q

hematology is the study of

A

blood cells and clotting factors

141
Q

microbiology sub departments

A
  • bacteriology
    = virology
  • mycology
  • parasitology
142
Q

list all 5 measurement glassware

A
  • volumetric flasks
  • volumetric pipettes
  • serological pipettes
  • MoHR pipettes
  • micropipettes
143
Q

OHSA

A

occupational health and safety act

144
Q

explain mechanical balance

A
  • less precise measurements
  • manual
  • 2 or more plates
  • tare out
  • calibrate with known weights
  • clean with 70% isopropyl alcohol after each use
145
Q

how are acids and bases stored

A

separately with glass jars in explosion cabinets

146
Q

list conditions for autoclave to sterilize equipment

A

121 degrees for 15 minutes at 15psi

147
Q

antiseptic what type of objects

A

animate

148
Q

histopathology/anatomical pathology looks for what

A

anatomical abnormalities in body tissue and cells

149
Q

what 3 controls are included with each run of an autoclave

A
  • temperature
  • biological
  • pressure
150
Q

reagent grade or analytical reagent (AR) is used for what

A
  • research
  • producing controls
  • standards and buffers
151
Q

reagent grade or analytical reagent aka

A

american chemical society (ACS)

152
Q

LPTP

A

laboratory proficiency testing program

153
Q

purpose of MSDS sheets

A

provide info about hazardous materials in workplace

154
Q

chemical pure reagent grade used for

A

laboratory analyses

155
Q

UN 1845

A

dryice/caron dioxide inside

156
Q

what does an etched band mean

A

blow out

157
Q

what does to deliver mean

A

allow to drain and retain last drop

158
Q

UN 2814

A

infectious substance affecting humans

159
Q

disinfect what type of objects

A

inanimate

160
Q

reagent grade or analytical reagent has what purity level

A

highest purity

161
Q

what does LPTP do

A
  • provide licensing

- sends blind samples

162
Q

what does a frosted band mean

A

total volume

163
Q

what does to contain mean

A

rinse in final solution

164
Q

what do mean/median/mode stand for

A 
mean = average
median = central/middle value
mode = precision
165
Q

3 uses for hot air oven

A
  • incubate cultures
  • dry glassware
  • reactivate catalysts/desiccants
166
Q

hematology sub department deals with

A

coagulation studies

167
Q

describe a beaker and use

A
  • wide mouth/parallel sides

- mixing solutions

168
Q

reagent grades level of purity high to low

A
  1. reagent grade/analytical grade
  2. chemical pure
  3. united stated pharmacopeia/national formulary grade
  4. purified, practical or commercial
  5. technical grade
169
Q

disinfect does what give examples

A
  • reduce levels of microorganisms to safe handling level

- 10% bleach, 70% isopropyl alcohol, ammonia

170
Q

antiseptic does what give examples

A
  • reduce microorganism levels to avoid spread

- ABHR, 70% isopropyl alcohol, 3% hydrogen peroxide

171
Q

how to clean class III biosafety cabinet

A

clean with radiation

172
Q

what does 2 standard deviations from the mean indicate

A

testing method is 95% accurate

173
Q

sanitize what type of objects

A

animate and inanimate

174
Q

OLA

A

ontario laboratory accreditation

175
Q

list all 7 non-critical measurement glassware

A
  • bottles
  • beakers
  • Erlenmeyer flask
  • Florence flask
  • transfer pipette
  • pasteur pipette
  • graduated cylinder
176
Q

temperature conversion formula

A

9c=5f-160

177
Q

how do you clean class I biosafety cabinet

A

clean with 70% isopropyl alcohol

178
Q

sanitize does what plus examples

A
  • reduce levels of microorganisms to safe handling level

- 70% isopropyl alcohol, ABHR

179
Q

UN 3291

A

clinical/medical waste

180
Q

PHIPA

A

personal health information protection act

181
Q

normal freezer temp

A

-10 to -20 degrees celcius

182
Q

transfusion science deals with what department

A

blood type compatibility

183
Q

concentration formula

A

v1c1=v2c2

184
Q

what does a centrifuge do

A

separates fluids into layers of density

185
Q

glassware used to measure 24 hour urine

A

graduated cylinder

186
Q

histopathology/anatomical pathology sub department

A
  • histology
  • cytology
  • cytogenetics
187
Q

where does category B box go

A

always to public health laboratory

188
Q

type of disposable plastic used in labs

A

polyethylene

189
Q

3 types of reusable glass used in lab

A
  • quartz
  • borosilicate kimex
  • pyrex
190
Q

technical reagent grade is used where

A

industrial

191
Q

transfusion science sub department

A

maternal-fetal compatibility

192
Q

what are the 2 electrodes of a pH meter called

A
  • glass

- reference/calomel

193
Q

PIPEDA

A

personal information protection and electronic documents act

194
Q

united stated pharmacopoeia or national formulary has what purity level

A

less pure than chemical pure

195
Q

normal refrigerator temp

A

+- 4 degrees

196
Q

what is a micropipette used for

A

measuring in microliters

197
Q

microbiology studies what

A

infectious agents

198
Q

UN 3373

A

biological substance category B

199
Q

clinical chemistry/biochemistry department deal with

A
  • chemical components

- body fluids

Med Lab (13 decks)

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