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Med Lab > microbiology/immunology quizs > Flashcards

microbiology/immunology quizs Flashcards

1
Q

normal flora

A

present but doesn’t cause problems

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2
Q

anaerotolerant aerobe atmosphere

A
  • prefers 21% oxygen

- can grow in less to 0%

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3
Q

opportunistic

A

only causes disease when immunity is compromised/suppressed

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4
Q

obligate aerobe atmosphere

A

21% oxygen

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5
Q

parasitism

A
  • only survive in/on host

- benefits

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6
Q

obligate anaerobe atmosphere

A

0% oxygen (oxygen toxic)

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7
Q

symboisis

A

2 organisms - both benefit

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8
Q

pathogen

A

causes disease

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9
Q

facultative anaerobe aka?

A

anaerotolerant aerobe

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10
Q

colonization

A
  • in area not normal

- doesn’t cause disease (Pooh pits)

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11
Q

capnophile atmosphere

A

5-10% co2

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12
Q

facultative anaerobe atmosphere

A
  • prefers 21% oxygen

- can grow in less to 0%

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13
Q

aerotolerant anaerobe atmosphere

A
  • prefers 0% oxygen

- can grow in 2-10% oxygen

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14
Q

commensalism does what

A
  • 2 organisms

- 1 benefits - other not affected

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15
Q

infection

A

microbe multiplies in host - may not cause disease

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16
Q

microaerophiles atmosphere

A

3-10% oxygen

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17
Q

how does chlamydia act like bacteria

A

responds to antibiotics

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18
Q

gram+ cell is what color

A

blue

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19
Q

elongated/rod shaped bacteria (singular & plural)

A

singular - bacillus

plural - bacilli

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20
Q

acetone or alcohol is used when

A
  • gram staining

- decolorizer step

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21
Q

Zeihl-Neelson stain secondary stain name

A

methylene blue

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22
Q

what stain can be fixed by heat or chemical

A

Zeihl-Neelson

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23
Q

blue cell after gram staining means what

A

gram positive

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24
Q

safranin or carbol fuchsin used when

A

secondary stain step during Gram staining

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25
Q

carbol fuchsin used when

A

primary stain during Zeihl-Neelson

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26
Q

chlamydia acts like a parasity why

A

needs living host to survive

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27
Q

how do you fix Zeihl-Neelson stained slide

A

heat or chemical fix

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28
Q

red cell after gram staining mean

A

gram negative

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29
Q

Zeihl-Neelson primary stain

A

carbol fuchsin

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30
Q

gram- cell is what color

A

red

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31
Q

gram stain - secondary stain

A

safranin or carbol fuchsin

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32
Q

what needs living host to survive

A

parasite

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33
Q

what lives in cells and needs live culture media

A

virus

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34
Q

chlamydia acts like a virus why

A
  • lives in cells

- needs live culture media

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35
Q

gram stain - what happens during decolorizer step

A

lipids in cell wall dissolve

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36
Q

Zeihl-Neelson primary stain steps

A
  • heat primary stain for 5 minutes
  • DO NOT boil
  • add more stain as it evaporates
37
Q

bacilli shape

A

elongated/rod

38
Q

what responds to antibiotics

A

bacteria

39
Q

gram stain decolorizer

A

acetone or alcohol

40
Q

round/spherical shaped bacteria (singular & plural)

A

singular - coccus

plural - cocci

41
Q

Zeihl-Neelson stain decolorizer

A

acid alcohol

42
Q

gram stain mordant

A

gram’s iodine

43
Q

what stain do you ALWAYS heat fix

A

gram stain

44
Q

how is bacteria attached to slide when Gram staining

A

heat fixed

45
Q

methylene blue used when

A

Zeihl-Neelson secondary stain

46
Q

Zeihl-Neelson stain aka

A

acid-fast stain

47
Q

cocci shape

A

round/spherical

48
Q

gram stain primary stains

A
  • gentian violet

- crystal violet

49
Q

what happens during Zeihl-Neelson primary stain heating step

A

heat loosens fatty acids in cell wall to allow stain to enter

50
Q

acid alcohol used when

A

Zeihl-Neelson decolorizer step

51
Q

Zeihl-Neelson mordant name

A

no mordant used

52
Q

gentian or crystal violet used when

A

gram stain primary stain

53
Q

gram’s iodine used when

A

gram staining mordant step

54
Q

% of very solid agar

A

3-5%

55
Q

what color is alpha hemolysis

A

clear

56
Q

what is always a broth

A

enrichment

57
Q

hemolysis that is green/brown color

A

beta

58
Q

hemolysis that is clear color

A

alpha

59
Q

add serum at what temp

A

85 degrees celcius

60
Q

what color is beta hemolysis

A

green/brown

61
Q

what % agar prevents swarming

A

3-5% very solid

62
Q

what agar is 0.5%

A

semi-solid

63
Q

why is very solid agar used

A

prevent swarming

64
Q

what does charcoal & starch do

A

absorb toxins

65
Q

what additives absorbs toxins

A
  • charcoal

- starch

66
Q

where does whole blood come from

A
  • horse

- sheep

67
Q

why do you not use human blood for culture media

A

contains -

antibodies, antigens, antibiotics, hormones, disease

68
Q

2 examples of lysed blood media

A
  • chocolate agar

- Thayer-Martin

69
Q

oxygen indicator

A

resazurin

70
Q

lysing agent

A

saponin

71
Q

what is made up of peptones, carbs, agar and distilled water

A

basic media

72
Q

what happens at 38-42 degrees celcius

A

solidify agar

73
Q

what is resazurin

A

oxygen indicator

74
Q

enrichment is always

A

broth

75
Q

what must be done to enrichment culture

A

must always be sub-cultured to solid media

76
Q

solidify agar temp

A

38-42 degrees celcius

77
Q

what is basic media made of

A

peptones, carbohydrates, agar, distilled water

78
Q

what agar is 3-5%

A

very solid

79
Q

2 types of hemolysis on whole blood agar

A

alpha and beta

80
Q

reduce convections

A

0.05 - 0.1%

81
Q

0.05-0.1% is used to what

A

reduce convections

82
Q

what % is solid agar

A

2%

83
Q

what % is semi-solid agar

A

0.5%

84
Q

what is saponin

A

lysing agent

85
Q

what agar is 2%

A

solid

86
Q

what state is Loeffler’s media

A

very firm media

87
Q

what inhibits normal flora

A

enrichment

88
Q

3 reasons to add whole blood to culture media

A
  • to enrich
  • show hemolysis
  • food for non-fastidious bacteria
89
Q

what does enrichment do

A

always inhibits normal flora

Med Lab (13 decks)

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