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histology/cytology exam Flashcards

1
Q

decalcification volume

A

50-100 times decalcification volume to tissue volume

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2
Q

visual change to Eosin when staining

A

pink/red -red/orange cytoplasm

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3
Q

what fixative is explosive if it dries

A

picric acid

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4
Q

what is acetone

A

fixative and dehydrating agent

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5
Q

toxic fixative

A

mercuric chloride

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6
Q

what is histology

A

examination of tissues and cells for ANY abnormalities

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7
Q

what is formalin

A

fixative

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8
Q

ultramicrotomes section size

A

0.05-0.50 nm (nanometers)

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9
Q

ultramicrotomes knife type

A

plate glass or diamond

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10
Q

ultramicrotomes specific use

A

seen using electron microscope

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11
Q

what is glutaraldehyde

A

fixative

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12
Q

what is cedar oil

A

clearing agent

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13
Q

histology staining mordant alone is also called what

A

trapping agent

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14
Q

what is picric acid

A

fixative

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15
Q

what is different about mercuric chloride than other fixatives

A

opaque

can be seen on xrays

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16
Q

most expensive clearing agent

A

cedar oil

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17
Q

what is benzene

A

clearing agent

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18
Q

what is butyl alcohol

A

dehydrating agent

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19
Q

what is ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA)

A

decalcifying agent

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20
Q

what is methyl alcohol

A

dehydrating agent

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21
Q

when dehydrating delicate tissue start with what %

A

50%

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22
Q

what happens during dehydration

A

remove water from fixed specimens

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23
Q

how does decalcification work

A

removed calcium or phosphate salts

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24
Q

how are sections mounted to slide

A

sections floated in warm bath to flatten when scooped up by slide

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25
4 types of carcinogenic clearing agents
- xylene - benzene - toluene - carbon tetrachloride
26
how do embedding agents work
tissue impregnated with paraplast to form blocks to be sectioned
27
fixation volume
10-20 times fixation volume to tissue volume
28
when histology staining what converts during ripening
hematoxylin converts to hematin
29
fixation volume minimum and maximum ratio
minimum 1:10 maximum 1:20 tissue to fixative
30
how long do decalcified samples need to be fixed before processing
2-4 days
31
visual change to hematoxylin when staining
blue nuclei
32
when histology staining why is ripening done
improve stain performance
33
what is ethyl alcohol
fixative and dehydrating agent
34
why is dehydration important
removes water so clearing agents and embedding mediums can penetrate tissue
35
what fixative is used for cytology
ethyl alcohol
36
when histology staining why is bluing done
bring hematoxylin back to blue color
37
what is carbon tetrachloride
clearing agent
38
what is temperature of warm bath used for mounting sections
5-10 degrees below paraplast melting point
39
what must be completed before mounting sections to slides
remove paraffin from section with xylene
40
what is decalcification
method to removed bone and teeth from tissue | calcium/phosphate salts
41
how do you confirm decalcification complete
- through xray - chemical test - careful probing
42
histology order of process
1. fixation 2. decalcification (if needed/required) 3. dehydrating 4. clearing 5. embedding 6. mounting 7. cover slipping
43
clearing agent is soluble in what
both alcohol and paraffin
44
what is toluene
clearing agent
45
what is xylene
clearing agent
46
how must HIV, Hep B & C be fixed
fix in formalin for 24 hours to make safe
47
when histology staining bluing completed by adding
adding alkaline reagent
48
dehydration process done through what
increasing strengths of ethyl alcohol 70-100%
49
what 6 things do we want a fixative to do/be
- penetrate rapidly - act quickly - be cost effective - safe to use, handle and store - benefit staining - kill bacteria and viruses
50
tissue samples are fixed to prevent what
- autolysis - decay/putrefaction (killing bacteria) - excessive hardening - distortion of cells and tissues - cells from changing from life-like state
51
what is formic acid
decalcifying agent
52
what is fixation
process of cells/tissues fixed in physical and chemical state
53
what does water adversely affect
- staining | - embedding
54
what is the melting point for paraplast
56-58 degrees
55
what can fixative acetone cause
excessive hardening to tissue sample
56
what is trichoracetic acid
decalcifying agent
57
2 types of flammable clearing agents
ether and chloroform
58
how do clearing agents work
removes alcohol from tissue
59
what do clearing agents do to tissue
make tissues transparent
60
what is isopropyl alcohol
dehydrating agent
61
what tissue do you use fixative acetic acid for
- bloody tissue - spleen - liver
62
what does fixative acetic acid do
lyses RBC's
63
list all 5 decalcifying agents
- nitric acid - trichloroacetic acid - formic acid - hydrochloric acid - ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA)
64
2 types of sedative clearing agents
ether or chloroform
65
what is nitric acid
decalcifying agent
66
what is acetic acid
fixative
67
microtomes section size
4-6uL (micrometers)
68
microtomes knife type
steel
69
microtomes specific use
routine tissue sectioning
70
fixative used for histology
10% formalin
71
clearing agent volume
50-100 times clearing agent volume to tissue volume
72
minimum and maximum decalcification ratio
minimum 1:50 | maximum 1:100
73
mordant + dye is called what
a lake
74
what is cytology
examination of cells looking for cancer
75
how is paraformaldehyde caused
formaldehyde becomes turbid (cloudy) when standing too long
76
list all 6 dehydrating agents
- methyl alcohol - isopropyl alcohol - ethyl alcohol - acetone - pyridine - butyl alcohol
77
what is chloroform
clearing agent
78
what is pyridine
dehydrating agent
79
most common fixative
10% formalin
80
what is hydrochloric acid
decalcifying agent
81
what is osmium tetroxide
fixative
82
what is ether
clearing agent
83
cytology cells must be fixed when
immediately and when wet
84
what are sections "glued" to slide with
- albumin - gelatin - glycerin

Med Lab (13 decks)

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