Radiology module 7

Question 0

PA’s are primarily used to diagnose?

Answer 0

Periapical lesions
Mod-adv PD
Tooth formation
Root/bone conditions

Question 1

For PA’s you need to be able to see entire —–AND—–

Answer 1

Crown

2-3mm beyond apices

Question 2

The film is placed —– in relationship to the tooth in PA films

Answer 2

Parallel to long axis

Question 3

Central ray is placed — in relationship to the film and tooth

Answer 3

Perpendicular

Right angle

Question 4

Paralleling technique is also called

Answer 4

XCP
Right angle
Long-cone

Question 5

Size — is used for anterior PA films on adults

Size — is used for posterior PA films on adults

Answer 5

1 (or 2)

2

Question 6

The — to — distance may be increased to keep film parallel

Answer 6

Tooth (object) to film

Question 7

A — cone/PID is used in paralleling

Answer 7

Long

Question 8

The — to — distance is increased to allow the most parallel rays to be directed to the tooth and film

Answer 8

Target (tungsten) to film

Question 9

The central ray has to do with —- angulation?

Answer 9

Vertical and horizontal

Question 10

Paralleling technique has a — exit dose than Bisecting technique
And has minimum —- of image

Answer 10

Smaller

Distortion

Question 11

Placement can be – using Paralleling technique and often has more — for the patient.

Answer 11

Challenging

Pain/discomfort

Question 12

The exposure time is—- using paralleling technique due to?

Answer 12

Longer

Longer PID

Question 13

When taking premolars with a PA

You want to capture the —- also

Answer 13

DEJ of canine

Question 14

When taking molar PA’s you want to capture the —- also

Answer 14

Distal half of 2nd premolar

Question 15

For a FMX we take —- films and — BWX

Answer 15

16

4

Question 16

Think about the — in the — when positioning films in the mouth

Answer 16

Dot in the slot

Question 17

With shallow or flat palats use —- and increase — by — degrees

Answer 17

2 Cotton rolls
Vertical angulation
5-15

Question 18

5 rules of Paralleling technique

Answer 18

1- place film to cover area and 2-3mm of root Apex
2- place film parallel to long axis of tooth (place towards midline)
3- vertical angulation perpendicular to film
4- horizontal angulation through contacts
5- center beam to avoid cone cuts

Question 19

FMX Series: start where and end where?

Answer 19

Anterior:
MX right canine to left canine
Then down to MN left canine and end with right MN canine
Posterior: MX right premolar/molar MN left premolar molar…..MX left premolar/molar and end with MN right premolar/molar

Question 20

When you increase object to film distance what can occur?

How do you compensate?

Answer 20

Slight magnification
Increase target to film distance
(long PID) or pull PID back from face a little

Question 21

You may have to place the film towards the —– in order to keep it parallel to the Long axis of the tooth

Answer 21

Midline

Question 22

Vertical angulation is placed —- to the film/sensor

Answer 22

Perpendicular

Question 23

Horizontal angulation is placed?

Answer 23

Through contacts

Question 24

The paralleling technique is beneficial because it decreases exposure to —- and — in the patient

Answer 24

Thyroid and eye

Question 25

One advantage of the paralleling technique is less —- of adjacent structures

Answer 25

Superimposition

Question 26

The paralleling technique is —– due to use of film holding devices which is an advantage!

Answer 26

Standardized

Question 27

One disadvantage of paralleling is thy you have to — exposure time

Answer 27

Increase

Question 28

Often we only need to take — films on MN anterooms

Answer 28

3

Question 29

If a pt has long roots what alteration can be done?

Answer 29

Slightly increase vertical angulation or sacrifice a portion of the crown

Question 30

For sensitive or tight MN anterior regions you can either use —- or –

Answer 30

Edge-eeze

Roll film

Question 31

Factors that affect exposure time?

Answer 31

Position of film
Age of pt
Type of film
Length of PID

Question 32

Exposure time or children or edentulous pts is usually — of an adult pt

Answer 32

Half