Radiology module 7 Flashcards
This flashcard deck was created using Flashcardlet's card creator
PA’s are primarily used to diagnose?
Periapical lesions
Mod-adv PD
Tooth formation
Root/bone conditions
For PA’s you need to be able to see entire —–AND—–
Crown
2-3mm beyond apices
The film is placed —– in relationship to the tooth in PA films
Parallel to long axis
Central ray is placed — in relationship to the film and tooth
Perpendicular
Right angle
Paralleling technique is also called
XCP
Right angle
Long-cone
Size — is used for anterior PA films on adults
Size — is used for posterior PA films on adults
1 (or 2)
2
The — to — distance may be increased to keep film parallel
Tooth (object) to film
A — cone/PID is used in paralleling
Long
The — to — distance is increased to allow the most parallel rays to be directed to the tooth and film
Target (tungsten) to film
The central ray has to do with —- angulation?
Vertical and horizontal
Paralleling technique has a — exit dose than Bisecting technique
And has minimum —- of image
Smaller
Distortion
Placement can be – using Paralleling technique and often has more — for the patient.
Challenging
Pain/discomfort
The exposure time is—- using paralleling technique due to?
Longer
Longer PID
When taking premolars with a PA
You want to capture the —- also
DEJ of canine
When taking molar PA’s you want to capture the —- also
Distal half of 2nd premolar
For a FMX we take —- films and — BWX
16
4
Think about the — in the — when positioning films in the mouth
Dot in the slot
With shallow or flat palats use —- and increase — by — degrees
2 Cotton rolls
Vertical angulation
5-15
5 rules of Paralleling technique
1- place film to cover area and 2-3mm of root Apex
2- place film parallel to long axis of tooth (place towards midline)
3- vertical angulation perpendicular to film
4- horizontal angulation through contacts
5- center beam to avoid cone cuts
FMX Series: start where and end where?
Anterior:
MX right canine to left canine
Then down to MN left canine and end with right MN canine
Posterior: MX right premolar/molar MN left premolar molar…..MX left premolar/molar and end with MN right premolar/molar
When you increase object to film distance what can occur?
How do you compensate?
Slight magnification
Increase target to film distance
(long PID) or pull PID back from face a little
You may have to place the film towards the —– in order to keep it parallel to the Long axis of the tooth
Midline
Vertical angulation is placed —- to the film/sensor
Perpendicular
Horizontal angulation is placed?
Through contacts
The paralleling technique is beneficial because it decreases exposure to —- and — in the patient
Thyroid and eye
One advantage of the paralleling technique is less —- of adjacent structures
Superimposition
The paralleling technique is —– due to use of film holding devices which is an advantage!
Standardized
One disadvantage of paralleling is thy you have to — exposure time
Increase
Often we only need to take — films on MN anterooms
3
If a pt has long roots what alteration can be done?
Slightly increase vertical angulation or sacrifice a portion of the crown
For sensitive or tight MN anterior regions you can either use —- or –
Edge-eeze
Roll film
Factors that affect exposure time?
Position of film
Age of pt
Type of film
Length of PID
Exposure time or children or edentulous pts is usually — of an adult pt
Half
