Radiology module 4

Question 0

—- are highly reactive and unstable elements

Answer 0

Free radicals

Question 1

A free radical is an —- atom that exists with — electron in its outer shell

Answer 1

Uncharged

One

Question 2

3 ways free radicals combine in order to gain stability?

Answer 2

Recombine and cause no changes
Combine with other free radicals
Combine with water or other molecules and form toxins (cellular changes)

Question 3

2 theories of radiation injury

Answer 3

Direct

Indirect

Question 4

The direct theory of radiation injury says?

Answer 4

Free radicals directly contact critical areas of the body and causes cell damage

Question 5

The Indirect theory of radiation injury says?

Answer 5

Cell damage is due to the formation of toxins from free radicals

Question 6

Which type of radiation injury occurs more commonly?

Why?

Answer 6

Indirect

Due to the high water content in body

Question 7

A linear curve dose response says the response of the tissue is —–
to the dose?

Answer 7

proportional

Question 8

Nonthreshold linear curve dose response says?

Answer 8

No matter how small the dose a response will occur

Question 9

Threshold curve dose response says?

Answer 9

A response only occurs up to a certain point

Question 10

Total dose is the —- of radiation absorbed? And —- damage occurs with larger tissue absorption

Answer 10

Quantity

More

Question 11

Factors that determine radiation injury?

Answer 11

Total dose
Dose rate 
Amount of tissue irradiated 
Cell sensitivity
Age

Question 12

Effects that are seen within minutes and are associated with large amounts of radiation over a short time are called?

Answer 12

Short term effects

Question 13

Effects associated with small amounts of radiation given repeatedly over a long time are called?

Answer 13

Long term effects

Question 14

Effects not seen in same person but in future generations are called?

Answer 14

Genetic effects

Question 15

Effects seen in the person irradiated are called?

Answer 15

Somatic effects

Question 16

Critical organs in head-neck region

Answer 16

Skin, thyroid, lens of eye, bone marrow

Question 17

Radiosensitivity of cells is directly proportional to — and —-
Also, Inversely proportional to —–

Answer 17

Reproductivity
Metabolic activity
Degree of differentiation

Question 18

Traditional system of measuring radiation?

Answer 18

R
RAD
REM

Question 19

SI system of measuring radiation

Answer 19

C/kg
Gy
Sv

Question 20

2 types of background radiation

Answer 20

Cosmic (stars)

Terrestrial ( earth/air)

Question 21

3 sources of radiation exposure

Answer 21

Background
Human made
Medical/Dental

Question 22

Ways to reduce exposure to patients

Answer 22

Film speed (F)
Digital x-rays
Collimation
Paralleling Technique
Raise kvp to decrease exposure time

Question 23

Digital systems decrease exposure by — to –%

Answer 23

50-80

Question 24

F speed film decreases exposure by — to —%

Answer 24

20-60