Radiology module 12 Flashcards
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The film first enters the —
Developer
What are the two purposes of film processing
To produce the latent image to be seen (develop)
To preserve the image so it doesn’t disappear (fix)
The developer reduces the —- halide crystals into —- — — and creates the — areas of the radiograph
Energized
Black metallic silver
Dark/Lucent
With manual developing: After the film goes through the developer the film goes?
To be rinsed
After the first rinsing the film goes to the — which removes the — crystals and creates the — areas on the film
Fixer
Unexposed
White/opaque
After the fixing process the films are – then —
Washed
Dried
The films are rinsed after the developer stage so as to?
Preserve acidity of fixer solution
After the processing process films are now called —
Radiographs
The black areas on the film are from —- tissues allowing x-rays to penetrate —–
Softer
More
The opaque/ lighter areas are made from—- allowing x-rays to penetrate —-
Denser tissues (Bone, enamel) Less
The purpose of the developer solutions reducing/developing agent?
Reduce exposed (bromide) crystals to black metallic silver
What is the purpose of the preservative of the developer solution?
thesis down the oxidizing rate of the developing agents
What is the purpose of the alkalizer/activator of the developer?
soften the gelatin so the developing agents can reach the crystals.
What is the purpose of the restrainer of the developer?
“Restrains” the activity of the developing agent and helps prevent film fog
What is the purpose of the fixing/clearing agent of the fixer?
To remove “clear” all unexposed silver (bromide) crystals
What is the purpose of the preservative in the fixer?
Prevent the decomposition of the clearing agent
What is the purpose of the hardener in the fixer?
To re-harden and shrink the emulsion
What is the purpose of the acidizer in the fixer?
By what means does it achieve this?
stop further developing!
Neutralizing the alkali of the developer
If we do not rinse after developing the film may come out?
Black due to overdevelopment
If we don’t rinse after fixing the film may?
Turn out light or not have an image at all
If you leave your films in water for a long time what happens?
Removes your image
The colder the temperature of solutions the — the developing time!
Longer
80 degree solutions takes — min in the developer
60 degree solutions takes — min in the developer
3
9
The ideal temperature and time are?
68 degrees for 5min
What is a “wet read”
Where you only put film in fixer for 3-4min then take them out to read them!
If you don’t return “wet read” films to the fixer what will happen?
Turn brown
Factors that can affect solution life
Oxidation (air exposure)
Evaporation
Every day use
Chemical contamination
How often should you change/clean tanks of system?
2-3 weeks
You should verify the volume of the solutions how often?
Daily
How do you dispose of Fixer solution
Recovered by regulatory agency
How do you dispose of the lead foils in the film?
Keep in seperate container and they are picked up by regulatory agency
Film fog can be caused by what processing errors?
Imbalance of processing solutions (chemical fog) Light leaks (safe lights) Scatter radiation (bad storage of film) Stored in too warm/ humid place Aging (past date of use)
If the film comes out blank what could have happened?
Put in fixer first
Left in water too long
No exposure
The developer has what PH
Alkaline
The purpose of the first rinsing is to?
To remove alkaline developer solution
Preserve acidity of fixer solution
Light film or underdeveloped film can be cause by?
Too cold of developer
Too low kvp
Film under exposed (low impulses)
Overdeveloped or dark films can be caused by?
Developer being too warm
Film being overexposed (too high of impulses)
Too high kvp
