Module 15 Flashcards
What is the most frequent reason for obtaining x-rays
Caries Detection
Dental Caries or ____ ____ is the _____ destruction of teeth by microorganisms
tooth decay
localized
The term caries means “_____” and is referred to as a ____ or a “_____” in dentistry
rottenness
cavity/cavitation
hole
Careful _______ and _____ are needed in order to detect dental caries
clinical exam
interpretation of x-rays
Occlusal surfaces may show _____ staining in pits and fissures or may show ______ clinically
dark
obvious cavitation
Smooth surfaces may exhibit a ______ spot or ____ indicating demineralization
chalky/white
opacity
Dental images are useful in the detection of caries because of?
The nature of the disease process
Biofilm produces ____ which in turn demineralize the _____ surfaces.
acids
enamel, dentin, pulp, etc.
You need about __ to __% loss of calcium and phosphorus before the decrease in density can be seen on an x-ray
40-50
What two processes result in loss of density
demineralization
destruction
Decreased density allows _____ penetration of x-rays
greater
Carious lesions appear _____ on images due to the decrease in density
radiolucent
What image is the best for evaluating caries
BWX
Proper ____ and ____ techniques are essential in the interpretation of dental images
mounting
viewing
Mounted films should be viewed in a room with _______ lighting and is free of _____
subdued
distractions
Digital images may be _____ to view presence or absence of caries
enlarged
All dental images should be viewed???
In the presence of the patient
Errors in _____ or _______ can result in non-diagnostic images
technique
exposure
Johnson & Thomson suggest that a kVp of _____ is best for diagnosing caries.
However, others believe you may need ____ to ___ kVp to catch lesions as soon as possible due to not all lesions being on enamel.
70 or less
75-100 (high kVp = low contrast = GOOD)
Radiographs may _______ the size of the carious lesion.
underestimate
The location of the lesion may ____ on each other, or over the ______ thus exaggerating the caries
superimpose
pulp
What PID angulation can distort the existence/location of a lesion
horizontal and vertical
On a radiograph, interproximal caries is typically seen where?
at or below the contact point
As the caries progresses inward through the enamel and interproximal caries takes on the shape of?
Triangle
As an interproximal carious lesion reaches the DEJ it spreads _____ and continues into the ____ forming another ____ shape
laterally
dentin
triangle
Incipient Interproximal Caries extends ___ way through the thickness of the _____.
<1/2
enamel
Moderate Interproximal Caries extends ____ way through the thickness of ___but doesn’t not involve the ____
> 1/2
enamel
DEJ
Advanced Interproximal Caries extends to or through the ____ and into ______ but does not extend through dentin more than _____ way toward the pulp
DEJ
dentin
1/2
Class I and II lesions affect what?
enamel
Class III and IV lesions affect what?
enamel and dentin
Severe Interproximal Caries extends through _____, ____ and ______ the distance toward the pulp
enamel
dentin
>1/2
A severe interproximal carious lesion can be seen ______ as a _______ in the tooth
clinically
cavitation
What is the method of choice for detecting occlusal carries?
Clinically
Because of the superimposition of the ____ and ______ cusps, early occlusal caries is difficult to see on a radiograph
buccal
lingual
Occlusal caries is not seen on a dental image until?
it involves the DEJ
What type of occlusal caries cannot be seen on a radiograph and needs to be detected clinically
Incipient
Moderate occlusal caries extends into ____ and appears as a ______ radiolucent line
dentin
very thin
Severe occlusal caries extends into __ and appears as a ____ radiolucency
dentin
large
What type of occlusal caries can be seen clinically as a cavitation in the tooth
Severe
What type of Carious Lesions are hard to detect due to the superimposition f the densities of normal tooth structure
buccal/lingual
buccal/lingual caries is seen as a _____ on a radiograph
small circle
Root surface caries involves the ___ and __ located just below the ___ region of the tooth
cementum
dentin
cervical
_____ and _____ precede the caries process in root surface carious lesions
recession
bone loss
The most common locations for Root Surface Caries
MN premolar and molar regions
Root Surface Caries appears as ___ radiolucency just below the _____
cupped-out/crater-shaped
CEJ
Another name for Recurrent Caries is?
Secondary
Recurrent caries is due to inadequate__, defective _____, or incomplete _____.
cavity prep
margins
removal of caries
Recurrent caries occurs most often beneath the ____ margins of a restoration
interproximal
The term rampant means “______”
growing or spreading unckecked
Rampant caries is __ and ___ caries that affects numerous teeth
advanced
severe
Rampant caries is usually seen in children with _____ or adults with _____
poor diet
decreased salivary flow
What condition is an “optical illusion” that looks like a lesion but is a normal configuration of the CEJ
Cervical Burnout
How can you tell the difference between cervical burnout and a lesion
Cervical burnout has a demarcated border
(can still see the outer border of tooth structure)
Caries doesn’t have a border
The occlusal surfaces may have a “lucent” look with what condition?
Attrition (grinding/clenching)
What condition can be seen as bands of radiolucency at the cervical region of the teeth
Abrasion (tooth brushing)
What type of restorative materials can be mistaken for caries?
acrylic
sillicate
composite
What clues can help you differentiate between a restoration and a carious lesion
comparing previous films cement bases (opaque border) well defined borders with restorations
Indirect pulp caping appears as a ___ area under a metallic restoration which can be mistaken for what?
radiolucent
recurrent decay
What clue can help determine the difference between recurrent decay and an indirect pulp cap
A opaque line above the pulp area (the sedative base)
When a carious lesion extends to the pulp it is termed a ______
pulpal exposure
If the vertical angulation is incorrect a small carious lesion can be?
obliterated
superimposed on tooth/bone structure
If horizontal angulation is wrong, the interporximal surfaces become ______ and caries detection is _____
overlapped
lost
If bone level is normal, caries will not occur at the ____ so it may just be ______ not a carious lesion
CEJ
cervical burnout
What kind of lesion is a slowly progressing, chronic one..
cemental lesions
Cemental lesions involve the __ and __ of a tooth
cementum
dentin
Cemental lesions are best described as a “_____” of the root surface
scooping
What should be charted on the dental chart and recorded in the tx record
“questionable areas”
recommendations for tx/referral to general dentist/specialist
