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Radiology > Module 15 > Flashcards

Module 15 Flashcards

1
Q

What is the most frequent reason for obtaining x-rays

A

Caries Detection

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2
Q

Dental Caries or ____ ____ is the _____ destruction of teeth by microorganisms

A

tooth decay

localized

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3
Q

The term caries means “_____” and is referred to as a ____ or a “_____” in dentistry

A

rottenness
cavity/cavitation
hole

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4
Q

Careful _______ and _____ are needed in order to detect dental caries

A

clinical exam

interpretation of x-rays

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5
Q

Occlusal surfaces may show _____ staining in pits and fissures or may show ______ clinically

A

dark

obvious cavitation

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6
Q

Smooth surfaces may exhibit a ______ spot or ____ indicating demineralization

A

chalky/white

opacity

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7
Q

Dental images are useful in the detection of caries because of?

A

The nature of the disease process

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8
Q

Biofilm produces ____ which in turn demineralize the _____ surfaces.

A

acids

enamel, dentin, pulp, etc.

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9
Q

You need about __ to __% loss of calcium and phosphorus before the decrease in density can be seen on an x-ray

A

40-50

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10
Q

What two processes result in loss of density

A

demineralization

destruction

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11
Q

Decreased density allows _____ penetration of x-rays

A

greater

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12
Q

Carious lesions appear _____ on images due to the decrease in density

A

radiolucent

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13
Q

What image is the best for evaluating caries

A

BWX

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14
Q

Proper ____ and ____ techniques are essential in the interpretation of dental images

A

mounting

viewing

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15
Q

Mounted films should be viewed in a room with _______ lighting and is free of _____

A

subdued

distractions

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16
Q

Digital images may be _____ to view presence or absence of caries

A

enlarged

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17
Q

All dental images should be viewed???

A

In the presence of the patient

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18
Q

Errors in _____ or _______ can result in non-diagnostic images

A

technique

exposure

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19
Q

Johnson & Thomson suggest that a kVp of _____ is best for diagnosing caries.
However, others believe you may need ____ to ___ kVp to catch lesions as soon as possible due to not all lesions being on enamel.

A

70 or less

75-100 (high kVp = low contrast = GOOD)

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20
Q

Radiographs may _______ the size of the carious lesion.

A

underestimate

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21
Q

The location of the lesion may ____ on each other, or over the ______ thus exaggerating the caries

A

superimpose

pulp

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22
Q

What PID angulation can distort the existence/location of a lesion

A

horizontal and vertical

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23
Q

On a radiograph, interproximal caries is typically seen where?

A

at or below the contact point

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24
Q

As the caries progresses inward through the enamel and interproximal caries takes on the shape of?

A

Triangle

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25
Q

As an interproximal carious lesion reaches the DEJ it spreads _____ and continues into the ____ forming another ____ shape

A

laterally
dentin
triangle

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26
Q

Incipient Interproximal Caries extends ___ way through the thickness of the _____.

A

<1/2

enamel

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27
Q

Moderate Interproximal Caries extends ____ way through the thickness of ___but doesn’t not involve the ____

A

> 1/2
enamel
DEJ

28
Q

Advanced Interproximal Caries extends to or through the ____ and into ______ but does not extend through dentin more than _____ way toward the pulp

A

DEJ
dentin
1/2

29
Q

Class I and II lesions affect what?

A

enamel

30
Q

Class III and IV lesions affect what?

A

enamel and dentin

31
Q

Severe Interproximal Caries extends through _____, ____ and ______ the distance toward the pulp

A

enamel
dentin
>1/2

32
Q

A severe interproximal carious lesion can be seen ______ as a _______ in the tooth

A

clinically

cavitation

33
Q

What is the method of choice for detecting occlusal carries?

A

Clinically

34
Q

Because of the superimposition of the ____ and ______ cusps, early occlusal caries is difficult to see on a radiograph

A

buccal

lingual

35
Q

Occlusal caries is not seen on a dental image until?

A

it involves the DEJ

36
Q

What type of occlusal caries cannot be seen on a radiograph and needs to be detected clinically

A

Incipient

37
Q

Moderate occlusal caries extends into ____ and appears as a ______ radiolucent line

A

dentin

very thin

38
Q

Severe occlusal caries extends into __ and appears as a ____ radiolucency

A

dentin

large

39
Q

What type of occlusal caries can be seen clinically as a cavitation in the tooth

A

Severe

40
Q

What type of Carious Lesions are hard to detect due to the superimposition f the densities of normal tooth structure

A

buccal/lingual

41
Q

buccal/lingual caries is seen as a _____ on a radiograph

A

small circle

42
Q

Root surface caries involves the ___ and __ located just below the ___ region of the tooth

A

cementum
dentin
cervical

43
Q

_____ and _____ precede the caries process in root surface carious lesions

A

recession

bone loss

44
Q

The most common locations for Root Surface Caries

A

MN premolar and molar regions

45
Q

Root Surface Caries appears as ___ radiolucency just below the _____

A

cupped-out/crater-shaped

CEJ

46
Q

Another name for Recurrent Caries is?

A

Secondary

47
Q

Recurrent caries is due to inadequate__, defective _____, or incomplete _____.

A

cavity prep
margins
removal of caries

48
Q

Recurrent caries occurs most often beneath the ____ margins of a restoration

A

interproximal

49
Q

The term rampant means “______”

A

growing or spreading unckecked

50
Q

Rampant caries is __ and ___ caries that affects numerous teeth

A

advanced

severe

51
Q

Rampant caries is usually seen in children with _____ or adults with _____

A

poor diet

decreased salivary flow

52
Q

What condition is an “optical illusion” that looks like a lesion but is a normal configuration of the CEJ

A

Cervical Burnout

53
Q

How can you tell the difference between cervical burnout and a lesion

A

Cervical burnout has a demarcated border
(can still see the outer border of tooth structure)
Caries doesn’t have a border

54
Q

The occlusal surfaces may have a “lucent” look with what condition?

A

Attrition (grinding/clenching)

55
Q

What condition can be seen as bands of radiolucency at the cervical region of the teeth

A

Abrasion (tooth brushing)

56
Q

What type of restorative materials can be mistaken for caries?

A

acrylic
sillicate
composite

57
Q

What clues can help you differentiate between a restoration and a carious lesion

A 
comparing previous films
cement bases (opaque border)
well defined borders with restorations
58
Q

Indirect pulp caping appears as a ___ area under a metallic restoration which can be mistaken for what?

A

radiolucent

recurrent decay

59
Q

What clue can help determine the difference between recurrent decay and an indirect pulp cap

A

A opaque line above the pulp area (the sedative base)

60
Q

When a carious lesion extends to the pulp it is termed a ______

A

pulpal exposure

61
Q

If the vertical angulation is incorrect a small carious lesion can be?

A

obliterated

superimposed on tooth/bone structure

62
Q

If horizontal angulation is wrong, the interporximal surfaces become ______ and caries detection is _____

A

overlapped

lost

63
Q

If bone level is normal, caries will not occur at the ____ so it may just be ______ not a carious lesion

A

CEJ

cervical burnout

64
Q

What kind of lesion is a slowly progressing, chronic one..

A

cemental lesions

65
Q

Cemental lesions involve the __ and __ of a tooth

A

cementum

dentin

66
Q

Cemental lesions are best described as a “_____” of the root surface

A

scooping

67
Q

What should be charted on the dental chart and recorded in the tx record

A

“questionable areas”

recommendations for tx/referral to general dentist/specialist

Radiology (24 decks)

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