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Hematology > Radiology > Flashcards

Radiology Flashcards

1
Q

What is the most common type of renal carcinoma?

A

Clear cell variant

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2
Q

What is the MOA of cryoablation?

A

Freezing and thawing of tumor cells

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3
Q

True or false: you can monitor the ablation zone during a cryoablation procedure

A

True

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4
Q

What are the disadvantages of cryoablation?

A

cryoshock–systemic inflammatory response leading to hypotension, respiratory compromise, DIC, and multiorgan failure

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5
Q

What percent of all adult cancers are renal cell carcinomas?

A

2%

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6
Q

How is RCC usually found?

A

Incidentally in imaging

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7
Q

What is a stage 1A renal cell carcinoma?

A

Tumor

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8
Q

What are the advantages of cryoablation?

A
  • Outpatient
  • done without general anesthesia
  • Preserves renal function
  • Fewer complications
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9
Q

True or false: you can diagnose hepatocellular carcinoma with imaging only

A

True

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10
Q

What is the primary risk factor for the development of hepatocellular carcinoma in the world? US?

A 
world = hep b
US = hep C
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11
Q

What alpha-1-antitrypsin disease?

A

protease malfunction causing liver and COPD

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12
Q

True or false: you need a cirrhotic liver to develop HCC

A

False

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13
Q

HCC mortality is (_)x greater in men with BMI

A

5x

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14
Q

What are the three main risk factors for the development of hepatocellular carcinoma?

A

HBV/HCV
Alcohol use
Obesity

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15
Q

Who has better 5 year survival rates: those who ablate the hepatocellular tumor, or those who get a liver transplant?

A

Liver transplant

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16
Q

What is transarterial chemoembolization?

A

Delivery of highly concentrated chemo in a lipid medium, combined with arterial embolization

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17
Q

What are the two blood supplies to the liver?

A

Hepatic artery

Hepatic portal vein

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18
Q

Why is the dual supply of blood to the liver important in chemoembolization?

A

allows to concentrate the chemo in the liver, and avoid high systemic doses (tumors usually get blood supply from the hepatic artery)

19
Q

What is postembolization syndrome? What is the treatment?

A

N/v and abdominal pain following transarterial chemoembolization

Supportive

20
Q

What is drug-eluting bead embolization?

A

300-700 micron beads loaded with chemotherapeutic drug, loaded into a specific tumor site

21
Q

What is the most common drug used with drug-eluting bead embolization?

A

Doxorubicin

22
Q

What is radiofrequency ablation?

A

Delivery of directed alternating current to create an ionic agitation, frictional heat, and cell death

23
Q

What is microwave ablation?

A

Delivery of electromagnetic radiation causing agitation of the water molecules in the surrounding tissue, producing friction and heat

24
Q

What is radioembolization?

A

Use of intra-arterially delivered microsphere emitting high dose radiation (Yttrium 90) for the treatment of unresectable liver tumors

25
Q

What is radioembolization used for?

A

HCC and metastatic colorectal CA unresponsive to chemo

26
Q

What is post-radioembolization syndrome?

A

mild pain and fatigue following radioembolization

27
Q

What are the three most common cancers that cause malignant pleural effusions?

A

Lung
Breast
Ovarian

28
Q

What is the prognosis fro pts with malignant pleural effusions?

A

4 months

29
Q

What is a tunneled pleural catheter?

A

Tunneled, semi-permanent catheter placed in the pleural or peritoneal cavity, allowing the pt to perform home, or self drainage

30
Q

What is the most common problem with a tunneled pleural catheter?

A

clogging/obstruction

31
Q

About how many new cases of hepatocellular carcinomas are there per year? Deaths?

A

630,000 cases

600,000 deaths

32
Q

What is the general trend of hepatocellular incidence?

A

Increasing

33
Q

HCC incidence is increased how much in diabetics?

A

x2

34
Q

What is the prevalence of NAFLD in western countries?

A

20-30% of adults

35
Q

What is the survival rate of hepatocellular carcinoma?

A
36
Q

Is transplant for HCC curative or non-curative?

A

Curative

37
Q

Is transarterial therapy for HCC curative or non-curative?

A

Non Curative

38
Q

Is surgical resection for HCC curative or non-curative?

A

Curative

39
Q

Is percutaneous ablation for HCC curative or non-curative?

A

curative

40
Q

Is systemic chemo for HCC curative or non-curative?

A

Non-curative

41
Q

What is the best procedure for HCC? What percent of pts are eligible for this?

A

surgical resection

10-15%

42
Q

Why are we able to target hepatomas so well?

A

Draw blood supply almost exclusively off of the hepatic artery

43
Q

What percent of the liver’s blood supply comes from the hepatic artery?

A

25%

44
Q

What percent of the liver’s blood supply comes from the portal vein?

A

75%

Hematology (32 decks)

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