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Hematology > Pathologies of Anemia > Flashcards

Pathologies of Anemia Flashcards

1
Q

What is the definition of anemia?

A

Decreased RBC mass

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2
Q

What is the practical definition of anemia?

A

low Hb or HCT

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3
Q

Is anemia a symptom, or a disease?

A

Symptom

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4
Q

What are the three general etiologies of anemia?

A

Increased blood loss
Impaired RBC production
Increased RBC destruction

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5
Q

What is the most common reason for chronic anemia?

A

Lesion of GI tract (ulcer)

Gynecological disturbances

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6
Q

What is fanconi anemia?

A

Defects in stem cell depletion

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7
Q

What are the nutritional deficiencies associated with anemia?

A

Vit B12/folic acid

Fe deficiency

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8
Q

What is the underlying cause of erythropoietin deficiency?

A

Renal failure

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9
Q

What is aplastic anemia?

A
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10
Q

What causes EPO deficiency?

A

Renal failure

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11
Q

What type of anemia are hereditary sphereocytosis?

A

RBC membrane disorders

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12
Q

What type of anemia are hereditary elliptocytosis?

A

RBC membrane disorder

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13
Q

What are the two major enzymatic deficienies that cause anemia?

A 
G6PD deficiency
Glycolytic enzymes (pyruvate kinase)
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14
Q

What specific virus can cause hemolytic anemia?

A

parvovirus B19

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15
Q

What is PIGA deficiency ?

A
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16
Q

What are the causes of antibody mediated anemia?

A
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17
Q

What is the MOA of microangiopathic hemolytic anemia?

A

DIC

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18
Q

What is the MOA of cardiac trauma anemia?

A

defect cardiac valves

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19
Q

What chemical will cause anemia?

A

Pb

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20
Q

What disease will cause anemia via sequesstration in mononuclear phagocyte system?

A

Hypersplenism

21
Q

What is the normal size of an RBC?

A

7-8 micrometers

22
Q

What is the normal diameter of WBCs?

A

8-9 micrometers

23
Q

What is the zone of morphology on a PBS? What is the significance of this?

A

End of the smear

Where RBCs are spread out appropriately

24
Q

What does normochromic mean?

A

Normal amount of Hb

25
Q

The white center of a RBC is about what proportion of the total diameter of the RBC? What if it is bigger than this? Lower?

A

1/3

Bigger indicates hypochromic

Lower = hyperchromic

26
Q

What is poikilocytosis?

A

variation in shape of RBCs relative to each other

27
Q

What is anisocytosis?

A

Term to describe the relative size of RBCs in a smear. Minimal = all are the same

28
Q

What are Howell-jolly bodies?

A

Purple nuclear remnants that indicate asplenic pts

29
Q

Cells without central pallor are referred to as what?

A

Hyperchromic

30
Q

Cell with central pallor >1/3 in diameter are referred to as what?

A

Hypochromic

31
Q

What is polychromasia?

A

Multiple colors of a RBC

32
Q

What does polychromasia indicate?

A

high amunt of reticulocytes = Anemia

33
Q

What causes the bluish appearance of reticuloytes?

A

RNA that is still present in the reticulocyte

34
Q

Presence of nucleated RBCs in a PBS indicates what?

A

hemolytic anemia

35
Q

What are spherocytes? What two diseases are these found in?

A

Smaller, hyperchromic RBCs that indicates sphereocytosis or hemolytic anemia

36
Q

What are schistocytes?

A

broken RBCs

37
Q

What are the two conditions that schistocytes are common in?

A

DIC/HUS

Other hemolytic anemias

38
Q

Basophilic stippling is caused by what? (3)

A

Pb poisoning
Infx
Drug/EtOH exposure

39
Q

Tiny blue colored dots in a RBC =?

A

Basophilic stippling

40
Q

One large dot in a RBC = ?

A

Howell-Jolly body

41
Q

What is the color change that occurs with maturation of RBCs?

A

Blue to red

42
Q

Defects in heme synthesis can result from what?

A

Fe deficiency

Siderblastic anemia

43
Q

A larger than normal RBC may be what?

A

Reticulocyte

44
Q

What are the four common causes of macrocytic anemia?

A

Vit/B12 deficiency
EtOH use
Liver disease
Reticulocytosis

45
Q

Reticulocytes over what percent is abnormal?

A

> 3%

46
Q

What happens to intravascular water when there is an anemia?

A

Shift from interstitial fluid compartment

hemodilution

47
Q

What are the two factors that determine the clinical presentation of blood loss?

A

Rate of hemorrhage

Whether internal/external

48
Q

When will reticulocytes appear if there is anemia?

A

reticulocytes

Hematology (32 decks)

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