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Hematology > Anemia 3 > Flashcards

Anemia 3 Flashcards

1
Q

What are the three classification schemes for hemolytic anemia?

A

Site of RBC destruction
Acquired vs congenital
MOA RBC desctruction

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2
Q

What are the signs/symptoms of hemolytic anemia, apart from the usual anemia symptoms?

A

Jaundice
Urine discoloration
Gallstones
Splenomegaly

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3
Q

What is the preferential site of RBC destruction in hemolytic anemia? What does this cause?

A

Spleen

Splenomegaly

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4
Q

What happens to haptoglobin in hemolysis? Why? How does this differ between intra and extravascular causes?

A

Decreased–bound to Hgb

No difference

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5
Q

What happens to LDH (lactate dehydrogenase) in hemolytic anemia? Why?How does this differ between intra and extravascular causes?

A

Elevated since this enzyme is found in RBCs, and is spilt out

No difference

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6
Q

What happens to the reticulocyte count with hemoyltic anemia?

A

Elevated (>100,000 suggest a hyperproliferative bone marrow)

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7
Q

What happens to the indirect bilirubin in hemolytic anemia?

A

Elevated

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8
Q

What happens to urine hemosiderin levels in hemolysis? How does this differ between intra and extravascular causes?

A

In intravascular ONLY, increased

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9
Q

Is LDH specific to hemolytic anemia?

A

Yes

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10
Q

What is the Coombs test result in hemolytic anemias?

A

Positive

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11
Q

What is the mode of inheritance for G6Pd deficiency?

A

X linked

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12
Q

What is the most common enzymatic deficiency that leads to hemolytic anemia?

A

G6PD deficiency

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13
Q

What are the findings on a PBS with G6PD deficiency?

A

Heinz bodies

Bite cells

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14
Q

What are the Heinz bodies seen in G6PD deficiencies?

A

chunks of denatured Hgb

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15
Q

What food should pts with G6PD deficiencies avoid at all costs?

A

Fava beans

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16
Q

What is the MOA of hemolytic anemia d/t pyruvate kinase deficiency?

A

Loss of structural proteins since there is a lack of ATP

17
Q

What is the major difference between G6PD deficiency and pyruvate kinase deficiency?

A

Pyruvate kinase deficiency is not susceptible to increased oxidate stress

18
Q

Are there periphearl blood smear abnormalities with pyruvate kinase deficiency?

A

No

19
Q

What is the usual presentation of pyruvate kianse deficiency?

A

neonatal jaundice

20
Q

True or false: sickle cell syndrome/disease usually has some degree of hemolytic anemia

A

True

21
Q

Pts with sickle cell anemia are susceptible to what infections?

A

By encapsualted bacteria and salmonella

22
Q

What causes the recurrent renal problems in pts with HbS?

A

recurrent infarcts

23
Q

What are the symptoms of sickle cell trait?

A

Usually asymptomatic, but can have painless hematuria

24
Q

What is Hgb SC disease?

A

Both HbS and HbC, causing rigid (but not sickled) Hgb

25
Q

Why is a splenectomy used as a treatment for heriitary sphereocytosis?

A

Because spleen will capture any cells that are not correctly shaped

26
Q

What are the two major complications of heriditary spherocytosis?

A

Splenomegaly
Cholelithiasis

both from dsetruction of RBCs

27
Q

Is the spleen normally palpable?

A

No

28
Q

What is the cause of paroxysmal nocturnal hmoglobinuria?

A

Defective PIG-A gene

29
Q

What is the triad for paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria?

A

Hemolysis
Pancytopenia
Thromboses

30
Q

How do you diagnose PNH?

A

Specific flwo cytometry assays for CD55 and CD59

31
Q

What is the treatment for PNH?

A

corticosteroids

Anticoagulants

32
Q

What two antibody types usually cause hemolytic anemia?

A

IgG or IgM

33
Q

What is the test to check for autoimmune hemolytic anemia?

A

coombs test

34
Q

What is the treatment for autoimmune hemolytic anemia?

A

Corticosteroids

35
Q

Abs that react with RBC membrane proteins are of what type? What if they react to polysaccharides?

A

RBC proteins = IgG (warm)

Poly = IgM (cold)

36
Q

What abx type is associated with hemolysis?

A

PCNs

Cephalosporins

Hematology (32 decks)

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