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Hematology > Radiation overview > Flashcards

Radiation overview Flashcards

1
Q

What are the three most common cancers in men?

A

prostate
lung and bronchus
colon/bladder

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2
Q

What are the three most common cancers in women?

A

breast
lung
colorectal

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3
Q

What are the four most common causes of death d/t CA in men?

A

Lung
prostate
Colorectal
Pancreas

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4
Q

What are the four most common causes of death d/t CA in women?

A 
lung
breast
colorectal
pancreas
ovary
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5
Q

What are the four basic patterns of spread?

A

Local growth
local extension
lymph node mets
Hematogenous mets

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6
Q

Anyone who has M stage (__) or higher has what***

A
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7
Q

What are the four modalities of medical therapy treatment for CA?

A

chemo
hormone
biological
vaccine

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8
Q

What is the role of radiation?

A

Replace or complement surgery

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9
Q

What CAs are exclusively treated with radiation?

A

anal cancer
small cell lung (mostly)
Stage IIIB NSCLC

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10
Q

small cell lung cancers are found exclusively in whom?

A

those who smoke

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11
Q

What is the role of radiation in esophageal CA?

A

ok to treat without surgery

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12
Q

What is the role of radiation in breast cancer?

A

removes margins after surgery

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13
Q

What is the role of radiation in skin cancer?

A

After surgery adjuvant

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14
Q

What is the role of radiation in prostate cancer?

A

adjuvant to surgery

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15
Q

What is the role of radiation in uterine/endometrial cancer?

A

adjuvant

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16
Q

Dose of radiation is measured in what?

A

gray

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17
Q

What is the most common timing of radiation dosing?

A

Daily over multiple weeks

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18
Q

Why are small doses over a long period of time needed to treat CA?

A

Kill tumors, and not normal cells

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19
Q

What is radiosensitive?

A

Tumor “melts” with radiation

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20
Q

What is radio responsive?

A

melts quickly

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21
Q

What is brachytherapy?

A

beads that radiate small halos of radiation

22
Q

What is the linear accelerator used in radiation therapy?

A

machine that emits photons and particles

23
Q

Why is linear accelerators used for kids?

A

no leftover radiation

24
Q

What is the MOA of radiation in treating tumors?

A

double stranded breaks in the tumors

25
Q

What is the wanted relationships between tumor control probability and normal tissue complication probability?

A

very wide difference

26
Q

What is the relationship between radiation dose and cell kill?

A

Non-linear, but negative trend

27
Q

What is the relationship between oxygen and radiation effectiveness?

A

More oxygen = more kill

thus need multiple doses to get to hypoxic center

28
Q

What is hyperfractionation?

A

very small doses of radiation x2/day

29
Q

What is the dosage for standard fractionation?

A

180-200 cGy /day

30
Q

What is hypofractionation?

A

Massive dose of radiation to tumors (melanoma)

31
Q

What is the “long shoulder” of CA?

A

Little effect until high doses of radiation

32
Q

What cancer is cured with radiation?

A

prostate CA

33
Q

What cancer have a neoadjuvant therapy with radiation?

A

esophageal CA

34
Q

What cancer has radiation as an adjuvant therapy?

A

breast CA

35
Q

Palliative treatment with radiation is used with what CAs?

A

brain mets causing neurological symptoms

36
Q

What is the simulation part of the TP process?

A

see if pt will tolerate the restraints needed to treat CA

37
Q

What is the treatment planning part of TP process?

A

angle beam correctly

38
Q

What are the 5 levels of radiation treatments?

A
  1. non planned
  2. 2d
  3. 3d
  4. IMRT
  5. SRS/SBRT
39
Q

What is 3D-CRT?

A

Designs the treatment fields so that the angle of the treatment treats the tumor and avoids normal structures as much as possible

40
Q

What is IMRT?

A

like 3D-CRT but different portions of the treatment get different doses of the radiation via very small radiation “shots”

41
Q

What is cranial stereotactic radiosurgery?

A

Using super small doses in the brain

42
Q

What is gross tumor volume?

A

Gross demonstrable extent of the tumor

43
Q

What is the CTV?

A

Margi on GTV that accounts for disease spread

44
Q

What is ITV?

A

CTV + internal margin for physiological movements

45
Q

What is PTV?

A

CTV or ITV + setup margin for pt movement

46
Q

What is OAR?

A

organ at risk/critical structure

47
Q

What is the fusion bit for planning?

A

Taking different imaging modalities to label out the tumor

48
Q

True or false: photons are “skin sparing”

A

True

49
Q

Which are most effective at deep tissue tumors: photons or electrons

A

Photons

50
Q

What is a multileaf collimator?

A

lead block to focus radiation

51
Q

What is image guided radiation therapy?

A

Using imaging with implanted markers to target tumors that move physiologically to align tumors

52
Q

What is cone beam IGRT?

A

CT scan on each visit, to allow for comparison of soft tissue anatomy

Hematology (32 decks)

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