Immunohematology

Question 1

What is the the study of immunohematology?

Answer 1

Study of antigen-antibody reactions in the blood

Question 2

What are antigens?

Answer 2

Anything that prompts the immune system to form antibodies

Question 3

What is the purpose of antigens on RBCs?

Answer 3

Related to cellular integrity or function

Question 4

What are the three types of antibodies that transfusion medicine is concerned with?

Answer 4

IgM
IgA
IgG

Question 5

What does it mean when blood bankers classify antibodies based on clinical significance?

Answer 5

Does it cause hemolytic transfusion reactions

Question 6

What does it mean when blood bankers classify antibodies/antigens based on source of sensitization?

Answer 6

Natural or immune

Question 7

What does it mean when blood bankers classify antibodies on class?

Answer 7

IgM or IgG

Question 8

What does it mean when blood bankers classify antibodies based on allo vs auto?

Answer 8

Non-self or self

Question 9

What does it mean when blood bankers classify antibodies on optimal temp?

Answer 9

Warm vs cold

Question 10

What are the three things that carb antigens react in?

Answer 10

Cell adhesion
Malignancy
Infectious disease

Question 11

What type of molecule are H, A, and B antigens?

Answer 11

carb

Question 12

What are the two types of Lewis antigen? What type of chemical is this?

Answer 12

Le^s and Le^b

Carb

Question 13

What class of antibodies do red cell antigens tend to stimulate?

Answer 13

IgM

Question 14

Do carb antigens span the RBC membrane? Do proteins?

Answer 14

Proteins yes, carbs no

Question 15

What type of chemical are Rh antigens?

Answer 15

Protein

Question 16

What type of chemical are duffy, kidd, and kell antigens?

Answer 16

Proteins

Question 17

What class of antibodies do proteins antigens tend to stimulate?

Answer 17

IgG

Question 18

What class of antibody does glycophorin A stimulate? Is this serious?

Answer 18

IgM

No

Question 19

What class of antibody does glycophorin B stimulate?

Answer 19

IgG

Yes

Question 20

What are the antibodies that are responsible for intravascular hemolytic anemia? Extravascular?

Answer 20

Intra = IgM
Extra = IgG

Question 21

How do IgM antibodies kill targeted foreign RBCs

Answer 21

MAC complex

Question 22

How are IgG antibodies stimulated to kill RBCs?

Answer 22

Consumed by phagocytes, stimulate immune system

Question 23

Do IgM antibodies cross the placenta? IgG?

Answer 23

IgM no

IgG yes

Question 24

Does the Lewis antigen cause hemolytic disease of the newborn? Why or why not?

Answer 24

No, because not expressed until later in life

Question 25

What are the most important blood groups for transfusion?

Answer 25

ABO

Question 26

What must be taken into account when transfusing someone?

Answer 26

RBC antigens and plasma antibodies

Question 27

What is the H antigen on RBCs?

Answer 27

Antigen that is present on 99.9% of all RBCs

Question 28

What is the phenotype of people who lack the H antigen?

Answer 28

Bombay phenotype

Question 29

What is the chemical structure of the H antigen?

Answer 29

alpha1 -> 2fucose

Question 30

What is the only way to change your RBC phenotype?

Answer 30

Bone marrow transplant

Question 31

ABO antigens develop around what week of development? What percent is found relative to adult life?

Answer 31

6th week | 50%

Question 32

How long does it take to reach adult levels of ab?

Answer 32

3 yo

Question 33

True or false: whatever ABO antigen you lack, you automatically develop antibodies to

Answer 33

True

Question 34

What class of antibodies are anti-ABO antibodies?

Answer 34

IgM

Question 35

True or false: ABO antibodies weaken with age

Answer 35

True

Question 36

Rh + patients have what antigen?

Answer 36

D

Question 37

What class are the antibodies against ABO antigen?

Answer 37

IgG

Question 38

What are the other major Rh system antigens besides D?

Answer 38

C | E

Question 39

DCe- R1 antigens are common among which ethnicity?

Answer 39

Caucasians

Question 40

Dce -Ro antigens are common among which ethnicity?

Answer 40

African americans

Question 41

dce- r antigens are common among which ethnicity?

Answer 41

Rh negative

Question 42

True or false: d antigen indicates Rh -

Answer 42

False

Question 43

Is Rh - = Rh 0?

Answer 43

No

Question 44

Is the D antigen AD or AR?

Answer 44

AD--85% of population has it

Question 45

What is the antibody that is involved in HDFM?

Answer 45

IgG

Question 46

What is the classic example of HDFN?

Answer 46

Mom (gravid 2+) is D negative, baby is D positive

Question 47

When is RhoGAM administered?

Answer 47

28 weeks and once again after delivery

Question 48

What is in RhoGAM?

Answer 48

Anti-D Abs (passive immunity to D)

Question 49

What is the indirect Coombs test?

Answer 49

Add pts serum to donor RBCs and look for abs with antihuman antibodies

Question 50

What is the direct Coombs test?

Answer 50

Add pts RBCs to donor serum, add antihuman abs

Question 51

Can the Coombs test detect complement?

Answer 51

yes

Question 52

What is involved in compatibility testing?

Answer 52

Antibody screen for ABO, Rh, or ABO/D Donor RBCs and pt plasma