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Hematology > Immunohematology > Flashcards

Immunohematology Flashcards

1
Q

What is the the study of immunohematology?

A

Study of antigen-antibody reactions in the blood

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2
Q

What are antigens?

A

Anything that prompts the immune system to form antibodies

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3
Q

What is the purpose of antigens on RBCs?

A

Related to cellular integrity or function

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4
Q

What are the three types of antibodies that transfusion medicine is concerned with?

A

IgM
IgA
IgG

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5
Q

What does it mean when blood bankers classify antibodies based on clinical significance?

A

Does it cause hemolytic transfusion reactions

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6
Q

What does it mean when blood bankers classify antibodies/antigens based on source of sensitization?

A

Natural or immune

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7
Q

What does it mean when blood bankers classify antibodies on class?

A

IgM or IgG

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8
Q

What does it mean when blood bankers classify antibodies based on allo vs auto?

A

Non-self or self

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9
Q

What does it mean when blood bankers classify antibodies on optimal temp?

A

Warm vs cold

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10
Q

What are the three things that carb antigens react in?

A

Cell adhesion
Malignancy
Infectious disease

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11
Q

What type of molecule are H, A, and B antigens?

A

carb

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12
Q

What are the two types of Lewis antigen? What type of chemical is this?

A

Le^s and Le^b

Carb

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13
Q

What class of antibodies do red cell antigens tend to stimulate?

A

IgM

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14
Q

Do carb antigens span the RBC membrane? Do proteins?

A

Proteins yes, carbs no

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15
Q

What type of chemical are Rh antigens?

A

Protein

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16
Q

What type of chemical are duffy, kidd, and kell antigens?

A

Proteins

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17
Q

What class of antibodies do proteins antigens tend to stimulate?

A

IgG

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18
Q

What class of antibody does glycophorin A stimulate? Is this serious?

A

IgM

No

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19
Q

What class of antibody does glycophorin B stimulate?

A

IgG

Yes

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20
Q

What are the antibodies that are responsible for intravascular hemolytic anemia? Extravascular?

A 
Intra = IgM
Extra = IgG
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21
Q

How do IgM antibodies kill targeted foreign RBCs

A

MAC complex

22
Q

How are IgG antibodies stimulated to kill RBCs?

A

Consumed by phagocytes, stimulate immune system

23
Q

Do IgM antibodies cross the placenta? IgG?

A

IgM no

IgG yes

24
Q

Does the Lewis antigen cause hemolytic disease of the newborn? Why or why not?

A

No, because not expressed until later in life

25
Q

What are the most important blood groups for transfusion?

A

ABO

26
Q

What must be taken into account when transfusing someone?

A

RBC antigens and plasma antibodies

27
Q

What is the H antigen on RBCs?

A

Antigen that is present on 99.9% of all RBCs

28
Q

What is the phenotype of people who lack the H antigen?

A

Bombay phenotype

29
Q

What is the chemical structure of the H antigen?

A

alpha1 -> 2fucose

30
Q

What is the only way to change your RBC phenotype?

A

Bone marrow transplant

31
Q

ABO antigens develop around what week of development? What percent is found relative to adult life?

A

6th week

50%

32
Q

How long does it take to reach adult levels of ab?

A

3 yo

33
Q

True or false: whatever ABO antigen you lack, you automatically develop antibodies to

A

True

34
Q

What class of antibodies are anti-ABO antibodies?

A

IgM

35
Q

True or false: ABO antibodies weaken with age

A

True

36
Q

Rh + patients have what antigen?

A

D

37
Q

What class are the antibodies against ABO antigen?

A

IgG

38
Q

What are the other major Rh system antigens besides D?

A

C

E

39
Q

DCe- R1 antigens are common among which ethnicity?

A

Caucasians

40
Q

Dce -Ro antigens are common among which ethnicity?

A

African americans

41
Q

dce- r antigens are common among which ethnicity?

A

Rh negative

42
Q

True or false: d antigen indicates Rh -

A

False

43
Q

Is Rh - = Rh 0?

A

No

44
Q

Is the D antigen AD or AR?

A

AD–85% of population has it

45
Q

What is the antibody that is involved in HDFM?

A

IgG

46
Q

What is the classic example of HDFN?

A

Mom (gravid 2+) is D negative, baby is D positive

47
Q

When is RhoGAM administered?

A

28 weeks and once again after delivery

48
Q

What is in RhoGAM?

A

Anti-D Abs (passive immunity to D)

49
Q

What is the indirect Coombs test?

A

Add pts serum to donor RBCs and look for abs with antihuman antibodies

50
Q

What is the direct Coombs test?

A

Add pts RBCs to donor serum, add antihuman abs

51
Q

Can the Coombs test detect complement?

A

yes

52
Q

What is involved in compatibility testing?

A

Antibody screen for ABO, Rh, or ABO/D

Donor RBCs and pt plasma

Hematology (32 decks)

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