Plasma cell dyscrasias Flashcards
What is the primary treatment for polycythemia vera?
Phlebotomy
How do you differentiate between essential thrombocytosis and 51 syndrome?
5q syndrome will have myelodysplasia
What is the cause of multiple myeloma?
Plasma cell overgrowth and produce M protein
Who usually gets multiple myeloma?
Older men
What are the two bits of the light chain abs?
Kappa and lambda
What are the Igs that are overproduced in multiple myeloma?
IgG, IgA, or IgE
How do you write down diagnosis for multiple myeloma?
Ab type + light chain type
e.g. IgG kappa
What is MGUS?
Precancerous condition, where there is an idiopathic overproduction of Igs
What is the chance of developing multiple myeloma with MGUS?
1% per year
What are the symptoms of MGUS?
Asymptomatic
Lytic bone lesions on bone survey = ?
Multiple Myeloma
What are the specific ssx of myeloma?
ostealgia
paresthesias
What are the criteria for digasnosis for multiple myelioma
- Urine or serum abnormal monoclonal protein overproduction
- End organ damage
- presence of plasma cells in plasma or bone marrow
What are the four criteria for end organ damage with multiple myeloma?
Hypercalcemia
Lytic bone lesions
Anemia
Renal failure
What are smoldering myelomas? What is the criteria for diagnosis?
Serum monoclonal protein >3 g/dL or >10%
No end organ damage
What are the two indicators used to stage multiple myeloma?
B2M and serum albumin
Stage I multiple myeloma = ?
B2M 3.5 g/dL
Stage III multiple myeloma = ?
B2M >5.5 mg/L
Is multiple myeloma curable?
No
What are the median survival times for Stage I-III multiple myeloma?
I = 62 months II = 44 months III = 29 months
True or false: multiple myeloma can be caused by translocation of genes
True
What is the common translocation that can cause multiple myeloma?
chromosome 14
What is the treatment for smoldering multiple myeloma?
Supportive
What is the treatment for active multiple myeloma?
Chemo
Steroids
Immunomodulators
(auto bone marrow transplant)