radiography - understand how to take radiographs

Question 1

When positioning for VD Skull, where do you collimate to ?

Answer 1

Collimation included mandibles and tympanic bullae.

Head and neck must be extended.

Question 2

When positioning for oblique skull view, where do you collimate and how rotated should it be?

Answer 2

tymanic bullae and temporo-mandibular joints.

Skull should be rotated 20 degrrees around on its long axis towards the VD position.

Question 3

Positioning for intra oral DV, where would you collimate to? what type of plate would you use? and how would this effect your settings?

Answer 3

Collimate to include nasal chambers

non-screen film - you would need a longer exposure time

Question 4

When should you never position a patient in VD?

Answer 4

When the patient is dsypnoeic

Question 5

why is DV abdomen not used much?

Answer 5

because it causes compression and distortion of the viscera

Question 6

Explain how to take a lateral thorax view, including collimation and centring

Answer 6

Place patient in lateral
use foam wedge under sternum to raise it to the same height as spine to prevent rotation
extend forelimbs cranielly and hind legs caudally
centre mid thorax (5th rib/over heart)
collimation to include - thoracic inlet, last rib, dorsal skin surface, ventral skin surface.

Question 7

Explain how to take a BVA hips view, including collimation and centring

Answer 7

place patient in dorsal recumbency (pelvis on plate)
place sandbag on forelimbs
hind limbs rotated medially (patella facing upwards) and secure using tape, ties and sandbags
no rotation of axis of the body
primary beam centred over pubic symphysis
collimation to include wing of ilium, mid shaft femurs, lateral skin surfaces
need to make sure labelling is included

Question 8

Explain how to take a cystogram view, including collimation and centring

Answer 8

Place patient in lateral recumbency
place wedge under sternum and small wedge between stifles to ensure median plane of body is parallel to the cassette.
extend hind limbs caudally
centre over caudal abdomen
collimation to include umbilicus, ischium, dorsal and ventral skin surface.

Question 9

Explain how to take a tibia and fibula view, including collimation and centring

Answer 9

place patient in lateral recumbency - leg x-raying on the plate.
Other leg furthest away drawn out of the way
small wedge under stifle or hock to correct rotation
centre mid tibia/fibula
collimate to include stifle joint, tarsal joint, skin surfaces cranially and caudally

Question 10

Explain how to take a VD thorax view, including collimation and centring

Answer 10

place patient in dorsal recumbency
draw elbows cranially
centre over mid thorax
collimate to include thoracic inlet, last rib and lateral skin surfaces

Question 11

Explain how to take a cervical vertebrae view, including collimation and centring

Answer 11

place patient in lateral recumbency
place wedge under nose to correct head rotation
place wedge under neck to support and prevent sagging
small wedge between forelimbs
centre over mid neck region
collimation to include occipital crest, level of first rib, dorsal and ventral neck region

Question 12

Explain how to take a lumber vertebrae view, including collimation and centring

Answer 12

place patient in lumber recumbency
place wedge under sternum
place wedge under min lumber to prevent sagging
place wedge between stifles
centre over lumber spine
collimation to include thoraco lumber junction, greater trochanter, dorsal skin and mid abdo ventrally