Anaesthetic Emergancies

Question 1

What is sodium chloride 0.9% used for in a emergency kit

Answer 1

Correction of shock
Dehydration
Electrolyte imbalance

Question 2

What is potassium chloride used for in a emergency kit?

Answer 2

Hypokalaemia

Question 3

What is calcium borogluconate used for in a emergency kit?

Answer 3

Hypocalcaemia

Question 4

What is sodium bicarbonate used for in emergency kit

Answer 4

Electrolyte imbalance

Question 5

What is atropine sulphate used for in a emergency kit

Answer 5

Bronchodilation and reduction of airway resistance

Control of intra-operative vagally mediated bradycardia

Question 6

What is lignocaine hydrochloride used for in a emergency kit?

Answer 6

Cardiac arrhythmias

Question 7

What is naloxone hydrochloride used for in a emergency kit?

Answer 7

Antidote for morphine,pethidine and fentanyl

Question 8

What is doxapram used for in a emergency kit?

Answer 8

Respiratory stimulant

Question 9

What is isoprenaline used for in a emergency kit?

Answer 9

Vasodilation

Question 10

What can cause apnoea?

Answer 10

Anaesthetic drug overdose 
Upper airway obstruction
Acute event/trauma  (pneumothorax)
Chest was fixation/immobility 
Failure of the brain to respond to o2 or co2

Question 11

What can cause hypoventilation in a anaesthetic

Answer 11

Patient is too deep under anaesthetic.

Question 12

Causes of airway obstruction during anaesthesia?

Answer 12

Blood
Bronchospasm 
Kinked/damaged/misplaced endtracheal tube
Gas 
Pulmonary oedema 
Soft tissue 
Vomit

Question 13

How can you prevent laryngospasm in cats?

Answer 13

Use of local spray.

Question 14

A few common factors that can cause bradypnoea under GA

Answer 14

Deep anaesthesia
Opioids
Hypothermia
Elevated intracranial pressure

Question 15

A few common factors that can cause tachypnoea under GA?

Answer 15

Inadequate anaesthesia
Pyrexia
Hypercapnia
Restrictive lung lesions

Question 16

Common causes of bradycardia under GA

Answer 16

Inadequate anaesthesia 
Hyperthermia 
Hypercapnia/hypercarbia
Hypotension 
Hypoxia 
Antimuscarinic drugs

Question 17

Few common causes of arrhythmias

Answer 17

Inadequate anaesthesia 
Anaesthetic drug overdose 
Electrolyte imbalance 
Blood gas abnormalities 
Medical conditions (gastric dilation - associated with ventricular arrhythmias)
Some surgical conditions

Question 18

Common causes of hypothermia under GA

Answer 18

Cold/drought environment
Excess hair clipping
Making the patient too wet during preparing
Anaesthetic drug administration (impaired hypothalamic thermoregulation)
Vasodilation of the blood vessels of the skin
Inhibited shivering
Exposed visceral surfaces
Cold/dry inspired gases

Question 19

Few reasons for prolonged recovery ?

Answer 19

Hypothermia (can’t redistribution/metabolise injectable drugs)
Certain drugs such as ACP (certain breed and patients with impaired hepatic function)
Very severe pain
Drug recycling

Question 20

Reasons for excitement during the recovery period?

Answer 20

Pain
Convulsions
Pharmacology phenomena (after top ups of thiopentone)
Environmental factors

Question 21

What could you do if a injection was accidentally given intravascular?

Answer 21

Promptly inject site with sterile saline or water to dilute the drug and massage .

Question 22

How do you prevent hypostatic pneumonia ?

Answer 22

Turn patient frequently- 2 hours

Question 23

Treatment for a Accidental drug overdose?

Answer 23

Intubate and ventilate with 100% o2
Cardiac compression if pulse weak or absent
Administer drug agonist if possible
IVFT