Anaesthetic Emergancies Flashcards
What is sodium chloride 0.9% used for in a emergency kit
Correction of shock
Dehydration
Electrolyte imbalance
What is potassium chloride used for in a emergency kit?
Hypokalaemia
What is calcium borogluconate used for in a emergency kit?
Hypocalcaemia
What is sodium bicarbonate used for in emergency kit
Electrolyte imbalance
What is atropine sulphate used for in a emergency kit
Bronchodilation and reduction of airway resistance
Control of intra-operative vagally mediated bradycardia
What is lignocaine hydrochloride used for in a emergency kit?
Cardiac arrhythmias
What is naloxone hydrochloride used for in a emergency kit?
Antidote for morphine,pethidine and fentanyl
What is doxapram used for in a emergency kit?
Respiratory stimulant
What is isoprenaline used for in a emergency kit?
Vasodilation
What can cause apnoea?
Anaesthetic drug overdose Upper airway obstruction Acute event/trauma (pneumothorax) Chest was fixation/immobility Failure of the brain to respond to o2 or co2
What can cause hypoventilation in a anaesthetic
Patient is too deep under anaesthetic.
Causes of airway obstruction during anaesthesia?
Blood Bronchospasm Kinked/damaged/misplaced endtracheal tube Gas Pulmonary oedema Soft tissue Vomit
How can you prevent laryngospasm in cats?
Use of local spray.
A few common factors that can cause bradypnoea under GA
Deep anaesthesia
Opioids
Hypothermia
Elevated intracranial pressure
A few common factors that can cause tachypnoea under GA?
Inadequate anaesthesia
Pyrexia
Hypercapnia
Restrictive lung lesions
Common causes of bradycardia under GA
Inadequate anaesthesia Hyperthermia Hypercapnia/hypercarbia Hypotension Hypoxia Antimuscarinic drugs
Few common causes of arrhythmias
Inadequate anaesthesia Anaesthetic drug overdose Electrolyte imbalance Blood gas abnormalities Medical conditions (gastric dilation - associated with ventricular arrhythmias) Some surgical conditions
Common causes of hypothermia under GA
Cold/drought environment
Excess hair clipping
Making the patient too wet during preparing
Anaesthetic drug administration (impaired hypothalamic thermoregulation)
Vasodilation of the blood vessels of the skin
Inhibited shivering
Exposed visceral surfaces
Cold/dry inspired gases
Few reasons for prolonged recovery ?
Hypothermia (can’t redistribution/metabolise injectable drugs)
Certain drugs such as ACP (certain breed and patients with impaired hepatic function)
Very severe pain
Drug recycling
Reasons for excitement during the recovery period?
Pain
Convulsions
Pharmacology phenomena (after top ups of thiopentone)
Environmental factors
What could you do if a injection was accidentally given intravascular?
Promptly inject site with sterile saline or water to dilute the drug and massage .
How do you prevent hypostatic pneumonia ?
Turn patient frequently- 2 hours
Treatment for a Accidental drug overdose?
Intubate and ventilate with 100% o2
Cardiac compression if pulse weak or absent
Administer drug agonist if possible
IVFT
