Pharmcology - Pharmococynamic Flashcards
The science of chemicals (drugs) that interact with the body, deals with all aspects of the action of drugs on living tissue
Pharmacology
The absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion of the drug by the body (drug movement)
Pharmacokinetics
What are the 5 “rights” that should be verified every time a drug is given?
Administering the right drug At the right time In the right amount By the right route To the right patient
What can have a effect on drug absorption in the body?
Route of administration
Tissue perfusion (blood supply to tissue)
Disease status of the patient (vasodilation/vasoconstriction)
Formulation of the drug
Define hydrophilic
Water loving
Drugs that dissolve more easily in water will
Define lipophilic
fat loving
drug that dissolves more easily in fat
Bioavavailabilty
The proportion of the drug or other substances which enters the circulation when introduced into the body and so is able to have a active effect
Albumin in the blood stream is used by some drug molecules for attachment, this is know as?
Protien binding
at this point the molecule ‘is in storage’ as it is inactive and the molecules which have not bound to the plasma protein are active.
The study of the way in which the functions of the body are affected by the drug.
pharmacodynamics
What is the main way that drugs work on the body?
Is through receptor sites (specific areas on the cell membrane)
most drugs interact with a defined target in the body (organism/hormone/neurotransmitter). if the drug mimics a neurotransmitter it will stimulate the receptor (receptor agonist) or block it without stimulating it (receptor antagonist)
What is a receptor ?
a receptor is a protein molecule situated on the surface of the cell whose job it is to respond to a chemical/drug is someway.
How does a Agonist drug work?
Agonist produce a action.
It binds to a receptor of a cell and triggers a response by the cell. they often mimic the action of a naturally occurring substance I.e Hormones.
How does Antagonist drug work?
Antagonist blocks a action.
It binds to a receptor but fails to activate it and blocks it from activation
How does a partial agonist drug work?
It activates a receptor but cannot elicit the same maximum response as full agonist even if they have the same affinity for the receptor - they display less of a tissue/ physiological response even at the same concentration.
Give a drug example of partial agonist and full agonist.
buprenorphine activates a receptor but does not cause as much of a physiological change as morphine.
Other than agonist and antagonist, what other ways might drugs work?
Antimicrobial - drugs that exert there action on the pathogenic micro-organisms in the body.
Antacids - work with chemical action
Define Affinity
how strongly a drug binds to the receptor
Whats it called when following the binding of a drug, an enzyme is activated which stimulated the production of cyclic adenosinemonophshate (cellular response) (CAMP).
Second messenger
What is the enzyme called that stimulates CAMP
adenylate cylase
What is the molecule called that can bind to a receptor and thereby induce a signal in the cells .
Ligand
Define Therapeutics
Is the optimal use of drugs in management of disease states or physiological functions
What should you do if you suspect a adverse drug reaction.
Report it to VMD and fill in yellow form
Define therapeutic index
is the measure used to indicate the safety of a drug. a high therapeutic index means a high level of safety
Define inhibitors or activators (inducers)
Drugs that target enzymes instead of receptors
