Pharmcology - Pharmococynamic

Question 1

The science of chemicals (drugs) that interact with the body, deals with all aspects of the action of drugs on living tissue

Answer 1

Pharmacology

Question 2

The absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion of the drug by the body (drug movement)

Answer 2

Pharmacokinetics

Question 3

What are the 5 “rights” that should be verified every time a drug is given?

Answer 3

Administering the right drug 
At the right time 
In the right amount 
By the right route 
To the right patient

Question 4

What can have a effect on drug absorption in the body?

Answer 4

Route of administration
Tissue perfusion (blood supply to tissue)
Disease status of the patient (vasodilation/vasoconstriction)
Formulation of the drug

Question 5

Define hydrophilic

Answer 5

Water loving

Drugs that dissolve more easily in water will

Question 6

Define lipophilic

Answer 6

fat loving

drug that dissolves more easily in fat

Question 7

Bioavavailabilty

Answer 7

The proportion of the drug or other substances which enters the circulation when introduced into the body and so is able to have a active effect

Question 8

Albumin in the blood stream is used by some drug molecules for attachment, this is know as?

Answer 8

Protien binding
at this point the molecule ‘is in storage’ as it is inactive and the molecules which have not bound to the plasma protein are active.

Question 9

The study of the way in which the functions of the body are affected by the drug.

Answer 9

pharmacodynamics

Question 10

What is the main way that drugs work on the body?

Answer 10

Is through receptor sites (specific areas on the cell membrane)
most drugs interact with a defined target in the body (organism/hormone/neurotransmitter). if the drug mimics a neurotransmitter it will stimulate the receptor (receptor agonist) or block it without stimulating it (receptor antagonist)

Question 11

What is a receptor ?

Answer 11

a receptor is a protein molecule situated on the surface of the cell whose job it is to respond to a chemical/drug is someway.

Question 12

How does a Agonist drug work?

Answer 12

Agonist produce a action.
It binds to a receptor of a cell and triggers a response by the cell. they often mimic the action of a naturally occurring substance I.e Hormones.

Question 13

How does Antagonist drug work?

Answer 13

Antagonist blocks a action.

It binds to a receptor but fails to activate it and blocks it from activation

Question 14

How does a partial agonist drug work?

Answer 14

It activates a receptor but cannot elicit the same maximum response as full agonist even if they have the same affinity for the receptor - they display less of a tissue/ physiological response even at the same concentration.

Question 15

Give a drug example of partial agonist and full agonist.

Answer 15

buprenorphine activates a receptor but does not cause as much of a physiological change as morphine.

Question 16

Other than agonist and antagonist, what other ways might drugs work?

Answer 16

Antimicrobial - drugs that exert there action on the pathogenic micro-organisms in the body.
Antacids - work with chemical action

Question 17

Define Affinity

Answer 17

how strongly a drug binds to the receptor

Question 18

Whats it called when following the binding of a drug, an enzyme is activated which stimulated the production of cyclic adenosinemonophshate (cellular response) (CAMP).

Answer 18

Second messenger

Question 19

What is the enzyme called that stimulates CAMP

Answer 19

adenylate cylase

Question 20

What is the molecule called that can bind to a receptor and thereby induce a signal in the cells .

Answer 20

Ligand

Question 21

Define Therapeutics

Answer 21

Is the optimal use of drugs in management of disease states or physiological functions

Question 22

What should you do if you suspect a adverse drug reaction.

Answer 22

Report it to VMD and fill in yellow form

Question 23

Define therapeutic index

Answer 23

is the measure used to indicate the safety of a drug. a high therapeutic index means a high level of safety

Question 24

Define inhibitors or activators (inducers)

Answer 24

Drugs that target enzymes instead of receptors