Lab Flashcards
What relevant legislation is there for laboratory diagnostics?
Health and safety at work act 1974
COSHH
environmental protection act 1990
The control of pollution and disposal reg 1988
The collection and disposal of waste regulations 1988
The hazardous waste reg 2005
RIDDOR
Health and safety reg 1981 (first aid)
The electrical equipment (safety) reg 1994
Which part of the microscope contains the ocular lenses that magnify the primary image formed by a the objective lens?
Eye piece
On a microscope which bit rotates and holds the objective lens?
Nose piece
There are normally 4 of these on a microscope, each with different magnification ?
Objective lens
A platform on the microscope that holds the slide, can move, has a hole in the centre that allows light through?
Stage
Allows specific points of interest to be recorded on a microscope.
Vernier scale
On a microscope this condenses light from the light source on to the specimen.
Substage condenser
Controls the amount of light coming through the substage condenser on a microscope?
Iris diagram
Raises or lowers the stage and allows the image to be focused on a microscope?
Focus knobs
Alters the level of light produced by the light source on a microscope?
Rheostat
Explain the battlement technique?
It’s the methodical manor of viewing a slide
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what are the two types of centrifuges?
Angle head - commonly used
Swing out head
What is a appropriate centrifuge speed for blood?
10,000 rpm for 5 minutes?
What is a appropriate centrifuge speed for urine?
2000rpm for 5 minutes
Quality control or quality assurance
Refers to the measure that must be included during each assay run, in order to verify that test working properly
Quality control
Quality control or quality assurance
Is defined as the overall programme which ensures that the final results reported by the lab are correct.
Quality assurance
Quality control or quality assurance
Which one should be carried out:
- at the beginning of the day
- after an analyser is serviced
- when reagent lots are charged
- after calibration
- when patient results seem inappropriate
- as indicated by the manufacturer
Quality control
Why should you use the smaller syringe possible when taking bloods ?
To avoid rupturing the RBC
Why should you used the needle with the largest gauge possible when taking bloods?
To avoid rupturing the rbc
Which anticoagulant is not suitable for birds or reptiles?
EDTA
What anticoagulant would you place a glucose sample in? What colour tube and vacutainer is it?
Fluoride/oxalate
Tube- yellow
Vacutainer - grey
Leishmans, giemsa, diff quick are what type of stain?
Romonowsky stain
What are romanowsky stains are used for on blood smears ?
WBC count and blood parasites
What are supravital stains used for blood smears?
Reticulocyte counts and can detect Heinz bodies
What is the correct setting for a PCV sample in a centrifuge?
10,000 for 5 minutes
What is the calculation to work out a PCV sample?
(Height of rbc / total column height) x 100 = PCV %
What might a increased PCV mean?
Might indicate dehydration
What might a decreased PCV mean?
Might indicate anaemia or haemorrhage
What is the normal PCV range for a dog?
37-55%
What is the normal PCV range for a cat?
25-45%
What is the normal PCV range for a horse?
30-49%
What is the normal clotting time for blood?
1-2 minutes
What tests can be used to determine a animals coagulation profile?
Buccal mucosal bleeding time - when you create a small incision on the inner lip and tissue is held to it and a timer is used measure the length of time till it stops
activated clotting time (ACT) placing 1 ml of whole blood ina tube and record the the time from aspiration to first clot
Thrombocytes - haematology analyser
What is the result of the metabolism of protein and should be excreted?
Elevated levels of this might suggest portosystemic shunts and can cause neurological problems.
Ammonia
What might cause elevated BUN to occur?
Infection Necrosis metabolic disease high protein diet chronic heart failure urethral obstruction renal failure ruptured bladder corticosteroid therapy
What might a decreased BUN mean?
low protein diet
anabolic steroids
liver failure
portosystemic shunts
What might a increased calcium levels mean?
parathyroid gland disease
renal disease
neoplasia
Which anticoagulants will affect calcium results?
EDTA and cirate
What might a increased cholesterol mean?
diabetes mellitus hypothyroidism hyperadrenocorticism liver disease renal disease
what might a decreased cholesterol mean?
maldigestion
malasbsorption
severe hepatic insufficiency
why is boric acid used in urine collection?
it preserves the existing bacteria and prevent growth
Why is urine pale yellow?
because of urochrome
Why is rabbit and horse urine naturally turbidity?
because of the presence of calcium carbonate crystals
Normal specific gravity for dogs?
1.015-1.045
Normal specific gravity for cats ?
1.035-1.060
Normal specific gravity for horses ?
1.020-1.050
Normal pH level for dog?
5-7
Normal pH level for cats ?
7-9
Normal pH level for horses?
7-9
What epithelial cells indicate cystitis or pyelonephritis?
transitional cells
what epithelial cells indicate active renal tubule disease?
renal tubular cells
What might erythrocytes indicate in urine?
trauma, oestrus and infection/inflammation
what might leucocytes indicate in urine?
inflammation or infection
which crystal is sometimes found when patients have ingested ethylene glycol poisoning
calcium oxalate
What crystals are dalmatians prone to? and why?
Ammonium urate crystals and because dalmations due to the way they metabolize and excrete protein.
what might cause the faeces to be pink?
Hepatic dysfunction such as biliary obstruction
